References
- Kuziak, R., Molenda, R., Dąbek, B., Henel, G., Lipp, P., Berndt, A., A new method of hardening the rolling surface of rail sections used in turnouts, Hutnik– Wiadomości Hutnicze, 2003, 70(8–9): 342–347, UKD 669-1(438):621.771.26:669-15.001.57.621.78.013:669-42:625.143.2.001.57
- EN 13674-1:2011 + A1:2017 “Railway - Track - Rail, Part 1: Vignole railway rails of mass 46 kg/m and above”, CEN-CENELEC Management Centre, Belgium, 2017
- Code UIC 860 R. Technical specification for the supply of rails 9th ed., International Union of Railway, France, January 2008
- Urbańczyk, E., Kasprowicz, J. Steels intended for the production of railway rails, Rail conference, Warsaw, 2005 (not published)
- Jabłońska, M., Lewandowski, F., Chmiela, B., Gronostajski, Z., Advanced heat treatment of pearlitic rail steel, Materials (Basel), 2023, 16(19): 6430, 1–16. 10.3390/ma16196430. PMID: 37834570; PMCID: PMC10573705
- Babachenko, A., Podolskyi, R., Kononenko, G.A., Safronova, E., Investigation of the influence of heat treatment modes of experimental steels for new generation railway rails on mechanical properties, Fundamental and Applied Problems of Ferrous Metallurgy, 2020, 34: 247–255. 10.52150/2522-9117-2020-34-247-255
- Sahay, S.S., Mohapatra, G., Totten, G.E., Overview of pearlitic rail steels: accelerated cooling, quenching, microstructure and mechanical properties, Journal of ASTM International, 2009, 6: 1–26. 10.1520/JAI102021
- Snitko Iu. P., Galyamov, A.K., Current status of rail production abroad, Materials of the Jubilee Railway Commission, Novokuznetsk, Russia, 2002, pp. 10–30, ISBN 5-84-41-0054-9
- Żak, S., Ropka, T., Comparison of the quality of rail steel from the nineteenth century converter processes and the modern oxygen-converter process, Materials Science-Poland, 2024, 42(3): 39–54. 10.2478/msp-2024-0033
- Herian, J., Aniołek, K., Selected aspects of shaping of a rail steel microstructure and its influence on a resistance to abrasive wear, Hutnik– Wiadomości Hutnicze, 2007, 74(5): 251–255, UKD 625.151.2:669-42.620.18 669.15-194:53:539.53:539.62
- Binder, M., Mezhuyew, V., Tschandl, M., Predictive maintenance for railway domain: a systematic literature review, IEEE Engineering Managment Review, June 2023, 51(2): 120–140, 10.1109/EMR.2023.3262282
- Modi, O., Desmukh, N., Mondal, D., Jha, A., Yegneswaran, A., Khaira, H., Effect of interlamellar spacing on the mechanical properties of 0.65% C steel, Mater. Charact., 2001, 46: 347–352. 10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00113-3
- Li, X.C., Ding, H.H., Wang, W.J., Guo, J., Liu, Q.Y., Zhou, Z.R., Investigation on the relationship between microstructure and wear characteristic of rail materials, Tribology International, November 2021, 163: 107152, 1–15. 10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107152
- Kuziak, R., Pidvystsk’yy, V., Radwański, K., Mazur, A., Zygmunt, T., Pietrzyk, M., et al., Optimalization of the heat treatment process to obtain the required distribution of mechanical properties in the rail head of pearlitic rails, Journal of Metallic Materials, 2019, 71(1): 3–9. 10.32730/imz.2657-747.19.1.1
- Christodoulou, P., Kermanidis, A.T., Haidemenopoulos, G.N., Fatigue and fracture behaviour of pearlitic Grade 900A steel used in railway applications, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2016, 83: 51–59. 10.1016/j.tafmec.2015.12.017
- German, J., Introduction to fracture mechanics, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej, Poland, 2018, ISBN: 978-83-65991-23-2
- Żak, S., Junak, G., Woźniak, D., Żak, A., Chmiela, B., Jabłońska, M.B., Evaluating the stress intensity factor for R350HT rail steel in relation to microstructure parameters, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2025, 19(4): 349–364. 10.12913/22998624/200404
- Maya-Johnson, S., Ramirez, A.J., Toro, A., Fatigue crack growth rate of two pearlitic rail steels, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2015, 138: 63–72, ISSN 0013-7944, 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.03.023
- Moussaoui, M., Bendriss, A., Tahiri, A., Kellai, A., Zergod, S., Djeloud, H., et al., Numerical and experimental analysis of the notch effect on fatigue behavior of polymethylmethacrylate metal based on strain energy density method and the extended finite element method, Materials Science-Poland, 2023, 41(2): 401–413. 10.2478/msp-2023-0027
- Junak, G., Jabłońska, M.B., The studies of low-cycle fatigue behavior of high manganese TWIP steel, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2025, 19(9): 237–253. 10.12913/22998624/207297
- Żak, S., Fatigue tests of heat-treated rails in the R350HT grade, Materials Science-Poland, 2025, 43(2): 127–142. 10.2478/msp-2025-0024
- DBS 918 254-1:2022. “Technische Lieferbedingungen Schienen. Teil 1: Vignolschienen ab 46 kg/m”. DB Netz AG, Germany, 2023
- Id-106:2019. “Technical Conditions for the Production and Acceptance of Railway Rails - Requirements and Tests”. PKP PLK S.A., Poland, 2019
- SMS-PW-17: 2022. “Acceptance of subsystem elements and technologies intended for use on railway lines managed by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.”. PKP PLK S.A., Poland, 2022
- EN ISO 6506-1:2014-12. “Metals - Brinell hardness measurement - Part 1: Test method”, ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 2014
- ASTM E399. “Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials”, ASTM International, United States, 2023
- ISO 12108. “Edition 3, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Fatigue crack growth method”, ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 2018
- ISO 1099. “Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial force-controlled method”, ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 2017
- EN 14730-1:2017. “Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails - Part 1: Approval of welding processes”, CEN-CENELEC Management Centre, Belgium, 2017
- ISO 4287. “Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters”, ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 1997
- Kuziak, R., Molenda, R., Pietryka, J., Zygmunt, T., Potwora, A., A new method of head hardening of rail profiles, Hutnik– Wiadomości Hutnicze, 2003, 70(2): 53–59, UKD 669-42.620.18.669.04:669.1.017.3-5:669.11
- ISO 12108 Edition 3, Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Fatigue crack growth method, ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 2018
- ISO 4968. “Steel – Macrographic examination by sulphur print (Baumann method), ISO Copyright Office, Switzerland, 2022