Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Analysis of the conversion of cadmium carbonate to cadmium oxide in thin films with photocatalytic application Cover

Analysis of the conversion of cadmium carbonate to cadmium oxide in thin films with photocatalytic application

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 43 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)
By: H. Azucena Coyotecatl,  Marco Antonio Vicencio Garrido,  Melissa Chávez Portillo,  Hector Juárez Santiesteban and  Sebastían Miguel Varela Lopez  
Open Access
|Oct 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Schematic of the chemical deposition of CdCO3 powder.
Schematic of the chemical deposition of CdCO3 powder.

Figure 2

Molecular diagram of the carbonate ion related to the delocalization of π-electrons.
Molecular diagram of the carbonate ion related to the delocalization of π-electrons.

Figure 3

Molecular diagram of CdCO3.
Molecular diagram of CdCO3.

Figure 4

Micrographs and histograms obtained by SEM of the polycrystalline thin solid films at (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C.
Micrographs and histograms obtained by SEM of the polycrystalline thin solid films at (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C.

Figure 5

FTIR spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
FTIR spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.

Figure 6

XRD diffractograms of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
XRD diffractograms of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.

Figure 7

Grain size (GS), interplanar distance (ID), and temperature (°C) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C nanocrystals.
Grain size (GS), interplanar distance (ID), and temperature (°C) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C nanocrystals.

Figure 8

(a) Williamson–Hall plot and (b) strain vs temperature.
(a) Williamson–Hall plot and (b) strain vs temperature.

Figure 9

(a) Transmittance % T, (b) reflectance %R, and (c) absorbance (α) vs λ (nm) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
(a) Transmittance % T, (b) reflectance %R, and (c) absorbance (α) vs λ (nm) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.

Figure 10

Normalized absorbance vs wavelength (λ) spectrum of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Normalized absorbance vs wavelength (λ) spectrum of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.

Figure 11

Normalized absorbance deconvolution vs wavelength (λ) spectra of the (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C films.
Normalized absorbance deconvolution vs wavelength (λ) spectra of the (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C films.

Figure 12

Derivative of the OD concerning the energy of the photon d(DO)/dE spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C samples.
Derivative of the OD concerning the energy of the photon d(DO)/dE spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C samples.

Figure 13

(αhν)2 vs E (hν) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
(αhν)2 vs E (hν) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.

Figure 14

(a) Ln of the coefficient absorption, and (b) Urbach energy.
(a) Ln of the coefficient absorption, and (b) Urbach energy.

Figure 15

Photocatalytic process of the thin films.
Photocatalytic process of the thin films.

Figure 16

Photodegradation absorption spectra 10 at (a) 30°C, 10 (b) 150°C, 10 (c) 300°C, 10 (d) 400°C, and 10 (e) 500°C.
Photodegradation absorption spectra 10 at (a) 30°C, 10 (b) 150°C, 10 (c) 300°C, 10 (d) 400°C, and 10 (e) 500°C.

Figure 17

Graphical rate of catalytic degradation.
Graphical rate of catalytic degradation.

Experimental values for the bandgap energy (E g) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C samples

Temperature (°C) E g (eV)
302.37
1502.31
3002.17
4002.06
5001.87

Lattice parameters a and c, microstrain, and dislocation density (δ) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin films_

Sample (°C) a (Å) c (Å)MicrostrainDislocation density γ (lines/m2)
304.94716.2631.144 × 10−4 3.8 × 1014
1504.94016.2311.173 × 10−4 4.39 × 1014
3004.923116.2921.19 × 10−4 7.08 × 1014
4004.946916.2663.92 × 10−4 2.01 × 1014
5004.948916.2472.69 × 10−4 6.30 × 1014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2025-0033 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 106 - 123
Submitted on: Apr 18, 2025
Accepted on: May 26, 2025
Published on: Oct 25, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Green chemistry,
CBD,
CdO3 to CdO
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2025 H. Azucena Coyotecatl, Marco Antonio Vicencio Garrido, Melissa Chávez Portillo, Hector Juárez Santiesteban, Sebastían Miguel Varela Lopez, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 43 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)Next article