Figure 1
Schematic of the chemical deposition of CdCO3 powder.
Figure 2
Molecular diagram of the carbonate ion related to the delocalization of π-electrons.
Figure 3
Molecular diagram of CdCO3.
Figure 4
Micrographs and histograms obtained by SEM of the polycrystalline thin solid films at (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C.
Figure 5
FTIR spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Figure 6
XRD diffractograms of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Figure 7
Grain size (GS), interplanar distance (ID), and temperature (°C) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C nanocrystals.
Table 1
Lattice parameters a and c, microstrain, and dislocation density (δ) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin films.
| Sample (°C) | a (Å) | c (Å) | Microstrain | Dislocation density γ (lines/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 4.947 | 16.263 | 1.144 × 10−4 | 3.8 × 1014 |
| 150 | 4.940 | 16.231 | 1.173 × 10−4 | 4.39 × 1014 |
| 300 | 4.9231 | 16.292 | 1.19 × 10−4 | 7.08 × 1014 |
| 400 | 4.9469 | 16.266 | 3.92 × 10−4 | 2.01 × 1014 |
| 500 | 4.9489 | 16.247 | 2.69 × 10−4 | 6.30 × 1014 |
Figure 8
(a) Williamson–Hall plot and (b) strain vs temperature.
Figure 9
(a) Transmittance % T, (b) reflectance %R, and (c) absorbance (α) vs λ (nm) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Figure 10
Normalized absorbance vs wavelength (λ) spectrum of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Figure 11
Normalized absorbance deconvolution vs wavelength (λ) spectra of the (a) 30°C, (b) 150°C, (c) 300°C, (d) 400°C, and (e) 500°C films.
Figure 12
Derivative of the OD concerning the energy of the photon d(DO)/dE spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C samples.
Figure 13
(αhν)2 vs E (hν) spectra of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C thin solid films.
Table 2
Experimental values for the bandgap energy (E g) of the 30°C, 150°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C samples
| Temperature (°C) | E g (eV) |
|---|---|
| 30 | 2.37 |
| 150 | 2.31 |
| 300 | 2.17 |
| 400 | 2.06 |
| 500 | 1.87 |
Figure 14
(a) Ln of the coefficient absorption, and (b) Urbach energy.
Figure 15
Photocatalytic process of the thin films.
Figure 16
Photodegradation absorption spectra 10 at (a) 30°C, 10 (b) 150°C, 10 (c) 300°C, 10 (d) 400°C, and 10 (e) 500°C.
Figure 17
Graphical rate of catalytic degradation.