Figure 1
Recycled fillers: (a) BFs and (b) CFs.
Table 1
Characteristics of cement, SF, and recycled fillers.
| Designations | CEM II 52.5 | SF | BF | CF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute density (g/cm3) | 3.10 | 2.24 | 2.88 | 2.92 |
| Specific surface (cm2/g) | 3,800 | 220,000 | 3,300 | 5,177 |
| CaO (%) | 61.69 | 0.5 | 43.30 | 1.52 |
| Al2O3 (%) | 5.37 | 0.5 | 7.19 | 21.90 |
| Fe2O3 (%) | 3.00 | 1 | 1.69 | 0.6 |
| SiO2 (%) | 19.34 | 95 | 38.14 | 76.86 |
| MgO (%) | 1.80 | 1 | 5.25 | 0.28 |
| Na2O (%) | 0.14 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 1.11 |
| K2O (%) | 0.76 | — | 0.65 | — |
| Cl− (%) | 0.027 | — | — | — |
| SO3 (%) | 2.20 | — | 0.34 | |
| Free CaO (%) | 0.97 | — | — | — |
| C3S (%) | 58.3 | — | ||
| C2S (%) | 14.6 | — | ||
| C3A (%) | 8.7 | — | ||
| C4AF (%) | 11.26 | — |
Table 2
Mixture composition.
| CEM II (kg/m3) | SF (kg/m3) | DS (kg/m3) | FPP (kg/m3) | SP (kg/m3) | W (kg/m3) | BF (kg/m3) | CF (kg/m3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC | 1,000 | 75 | 999 | 1 | 20 | 250 | — | — |
| CCF | 1,000 | 75 | 816 | 1 | 20 | 250 | — | 200 |
| CBF | 1,000 | 75 | 814 | 1 | 20 | 250 | 200 | — |
Figure 2
Different tests in the (a) fresh and (b) hardened state.
Figure 3
Effect of recycled additives on fresh state properties: (a) workability, (b) air content, and (c) density.
Figure 4
Variation of compressive strength.
Figure 5
Variation of flexural tensile strength.
Figure 6
Variation of rebound number.
Figure 7
Variation of ultrasonic pulse velocity.
Figure 8
Variation of modulus of elasticity according to ultrasound velocity.
Figure 9
Variation of water permeable porosity.
Figure 10
Variation of absorption by immersion.
Figure 11
Variation of absorption by capillarity over time.
Figure 12
Variation of the capillary coefficient C.
Figure 13
Variation of chloride penetration depth as a function of UHPFRC type.
Figure 14
Mass loss as a function of immersion period in 5% HCl.
Figure 15
Mass loss as a function of immersion period in 5% H2SO4.
Figure 16
Mass loss as a function of immersion period in 5% CH3COOH.
Figure 17
Mass loss as a function of immersion period in 5% NaOH.
Figure 18
SEM images of (a) UHPFRC CC, (b) CCF, and (c) CBF.
Figure 19
SEM micrographs and EDAX spectra of CC. (a–c) SEM/EDAX UHPFRC CC.
Figure 20
SEM micrographs and EDAX spectra of CCF. (a–c) SEM/EDAX UHPFRC CCF.
Figure 21
SEM micrographs and EDAX spectra of CBF. (a–c) SEM/EDAX UHPFRC CBF.
Figure 22
Representation of Si/Ca and Al/Ca.