Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Sieve analysis of the used coarse aggregates
| Sieve size mm | % Cumulative passing | Limits of IQS No.45 [36] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NC | RC | ||
| 37.5 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 20 | 98 | 95 | 95–100 |
| 14 | 66 | 60 | — |
| 10 | 37 | 32 | 30–60 |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 0-10 |
Sieve analysis of the used fine aggregates
| Sieve size mm | % Cumulative passing | Limits of IQS No.45 [36] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NFA | RFA | ||
| 10 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 4.75 | 95 | 98 | 90–100 |
| 2.36 | 86 | 91 | 75–100 |
| 1.18 | 75 | 77 | 55–90 |
| 0.6 | 54 | 59 | 35–59 |
| 0.3 | 19 | 26 | 8–30 |
| 0.15 | 3 | 6 | 0–10 |
Designation of the tested mixes
| Mix details | Mix details |
|---|---|
| NC+NF-Ref | Natural coarse aggregates + Natural fine aggregates-Reference mix |
| NC+RF* | Natural coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates |
| RC**+NF | Recycled coarse aggregates+ Natural fine aggregates |
| TRC+NF | Treated recycled coarse aggregates + Natural fine aggregates |
| RC+RF | Recycled coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates |
| TRC+RF | Treated recycled coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates |
| NC+RF0.5F | Natural coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates + 0.5% Steel fibers |
| RC+NF0.5F | Recycled coarse aggregates + Natural fine aggregates + 0.5% Steel fibers |
| TRC+NF0.5F | Treated recycled coarse aggregates + Natural fine aggregates + 0.5% Steel fibers |
| RC+RF0.5F | Recycled coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates + 0.5% Steel fibers |
| TRC+RF0.5F | Treated recycled coarse aggregates + Recycled fine aggregates + 0.5% Steel fibers |
Mix ingredients (kg/m3) of the prepared mixes
| Mix designation | C | W | SP | NF | RF | NC | RC | SF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC+NF-Ref | 498 | 160 | 5.5 | 704 | 0 | 1060 | 0 | 0 |
| NC+RF | 498 | 160 | 6.4 | 0 | 572 | 1060 | 0 | 0 |
| RC+NF | 498 | 160 | 5.8 | 704 | 0 | 0 | 915 | 0 |
| TRC+NF | 498 | 160 | 6.1 | 704 | 0 | 0 | 960 | 0 |
| RC+RF | 498 | 160 | 7.0 | 0 | 572 | 0 | 915 | 0 |
| TRC+RF | 498 | 160 | 7.4 | 0 | 572 | 0 | 960 | 0 |
| NC+RF0.5F | 498 | 160 | 8.5 | 0 | 572 | 1046 | 0 | 39 |
| RC+NF0.5F | 498 | 160 | 8.0 | 704 | 0 | 0 | 903 | 39 |
| TRC+NF0.5F | 498 | 160 | 8.6 | 704 | 0 | 0 | 948 | 39 |
| RC+RF0.5F | 498 | 160 | 9.3 | 0 | 572 | 0 | 903 | 39 |
| TRC+RF0.5F | 498 | 160 | 9.7 | 0 | 572 | 0 | 948 | 39 |
Chemical and physical test results of cement
| Chemical tests | ||
|---|---|---|
| Oxides | Test results | Limits of IQS No.5 [37] |
| SiO2% | 23.78 | — |
| Al2O3% | 3.120 | — |
| Fe2O3% | 3.09 | — |
| CaO% | 62.07 | — |
| MgO% | 2.25 | ≤5% |
| SO3% | 1.032 | ≤2.8% if |
| C3A > 5% | ||
| ≤2.5% if | ||
| C3A < 5% | ||
| Insoluble residue% | 0.81 | ≤1.5% |
| Loss on Ignition% | 1.17 | ≤4% |
| L.S.F | 0.82 | 0.66 – 1.02 |
| Main compounds | ||
| C2S% | 36.548 | — |
| C3S% | 41.927 | — |
| C3A% | 3.040 | — |
| C4AF% | 9.403 | — |
| Physical tests | ||
| Setting time, min., | ||
| initial | 73 | ≥45 min. |
| final | 5:50 | ≤10 hr. |
| Fineness (Blaine), cm2/g | 2984 | ≥2500 |
| Compressive strength, MPa, | ||
| 2 days | 17.1 | ≥10 |
| 28 days | 38.6 | ≥32.5 |