Performance of green high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash in harsh environments Cover

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Performance of green high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash in harsh environments

Materials Science-Poland

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

By: Abdullah M. Zeyad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ali Aliakbar, Hassan M. Magbool, Taksiah A. Majid and Majed A. A. Aldahdooh

Open Access

|Apr 2024

Figures & Tables

Sieve analysis curves: (a) fine aggregate; (b) coarse aggregate

The steel bar before and after the cleaning phase

Production of U-POFA

IVT procedure: (a) Sample preparation; (b) samples for the IVT; (c) the IVT schematic setup; (d) samples under the IVT

SEM morphology of POFAs: (a) O-POFA; (b) G-POFA; (c) U-POFA

Slump results for all mixes

Compressive strength results: (a) strength development with days; (b) the relative strength

Impressed voltage test results: (a) the initial current of samples; (b) the average steady state currents

The corrosion current vs time of the specimens at: (a) 7 days; (b) 28 days; (c) 60 days; (d) 90 days

Samples after the IVT: (a) OPC; (b) 20UP; (c) 40UP; (d) 60UP

SEM imaging of cement pastes aged 28 days, (a)Cement paste contains 0% U-POFA, (b) Cement paste contains 20% U-POFA, (c) Cement paste contains 40% U-POFA, (d) Cement paste contains 60% U-POFA

Impressed voltage test results (in hours)

Mix	The start–end times of steady state				The initial crack time of the samples
Age (Days)	7	28	60	90	7	28	60	90
OPC	40 – 180	40 – 190	35 – 230	20 – 240	176	188	229	236
20UP	40 – 230	30 – 350	10 – 477	5 – 477	234	353	–	–
40UP	35 – 245	20 – 477	5 – 477	1 – 477	245	–	–	–
60UP	25 – 477	15 – 477	1 – 477	0.5 – 477	–	–	–	–

The physical characteristics of POFAs and OPC

Materials	OPC	O-POFA	G-POFA	U-POFA
Median particle size (μm)	10.18	16.66	12.35	2.21

Porosity and water absorption results

Mix	OPC			20UP			40UP			60UP
Age (days)	7	28	90	7	28	90	7	28	90	7	28	90
Porosity (%)	12.3	10.9	10.1	11.6	9.5	8.7	9.6	9.2	7.4	8.8	7.4	5.4
Water absorption (%)	5.7	4.8	4.2	5.0	4.1	3.7	4.3	4.0	3.2	3.8	3.2	2.3

The concrete mix proportions in kg/m3

Mix	Water	OPC	U-POFA	Aggregate		SP
				Coarse	Fine
OPC	154	550	–	933	842	12.1
20UP	154	440	110	933	842	12.1
40UP	154	330	220	933	842	12.1
60UP	154	220	330	933	842	12.1

The chemical compositions of OPC, G-POFA, and U-POFA

Compositions	OPC	G-POFA	U-POFA
SiO₂	18.81	45.37	62.08
Al₂O₃	4.54	5.09	7.09
Fe₂O₃	3.2	3.76	5.92
CaO	65.77	3.87	5.39
MgO	0.78	3.22	4.24
P₂O₅	0.08	2.99	3.84
K₂O	1.18	4.11	5.57
SO₃	3.54	0.23	0.23
TiO₂	0.20	0.19	0.27
MnO	0.19	0.06	0.09
Na₂O	0.09	0.07	0.10
C		30.60	4.74

Corrosion rate (mm/ year) by mass loss via the IVT

Age (Days)	Mix
	OPC	20UP	40UP	60UP
7	7.276	3.913	2.425	0.661
28	6.945	1.488	0.717	0.331
60	5.705	1.075	0.524	0.220
90	5.457	0.827	0.441	0.165

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0042 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331

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Language: English

Page range: 24 - 40

Submitted on: Jan 16, 2024

Accepted on: Feb 5, 2024

Published on: Apr 2, 2024

Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

corrosion resistance,

high-strength green concrete,

impressed voltage test,

palm oil fuel ash,

Related subjects:

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Functional and smart materials,

Materials characterization and properties

© 2024 Abdullah M. Zeyad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ali Aliakbar, Hassan M. Magbool, Taksiah A. Majid, Majed A. A. Aldahdooh, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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