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Performance of green high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash in harsh environments Cover

Performance of green high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash in harsh environments

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 41 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)
By: ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Apr 2024
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

graphic/j_msp-2023-0042_graphabs_001.jpg
Fig. 1.

Sieve analysis curves: (a) fine aggregate; (b) coarse aggregate

Fig. 2.

The steel bar before and after the cleaning phase

Fig. 3.

Production of U-POFA

Table 1.

The concrete mix proportions in kg/m3

MixWaterOPCU-POFAAggregateSP
CoarseFine
OPC154550–93384212.1
20UP15444011093384212.1
40UP15433022093384212.1
60UP15422033093384212.1

1 Abbreviations: OPC, Portland cement; 20UP, 20% replacement with U-POFA; 40UP, 40% replacement with U-POFA; 60UP, 60% replacement with U-POFA.

Fig. 4.

IVT procedure: (a) Sample preparation; (b) samples for the IVT; (c) the IVT schematic setup; (d) samples under the IVT

Fig. 5.

SEM morphology of POFAs: (a) O-POFA; (b) G-POFA; (c) U-POFA

Table 2.

The physical characteristics of POFAs and OPC

MaterialsOPCO-POFAG-POFAU-POFA
Median particle size (μm)10.1816.6612.352.21
Table 3.

The chemical compositions of OPC, G-POFA, and U-POFA

CompositionsOPCG-POFAU-POFA
SiO218.8145.3762.08
Al2O34.545.097.09
Fe2O33.23.765.92
CaO65.773.875.39
MgO0.783.224.24
P2O50.082.993.84
K2O1.184.115.57
SO33.540.230.23
TiO20.200.190.27
MnO0.190.060.09
Na2O0.090.070.10
C30.604.74
Fig. 6.

Slump results for all mixes

Fig. 7.

Compressive strength results: (a) strength development with days; (b) the relative strength

Table 4.

Porosity and water absorption results

MixOPC20UP40UP60UP
Age (days)72890728907289072890
Porosity (%)12.310.910.111.69.58.79.69.27.48.87.45.4
Water absorption (%)5.74.84.25.04.13.74.34.03.23.83.22.3
Fig. 8.

Impressed voltage test results: (a) the initial current of samples; (b) the average steady state currents

Fig. 9.

The corrosion current vs time of the specimens at: (a) 7 days; (b) 28 days; (c) 60 days; (d) 90 days

Fig. 10.

Samples after the IVT: (a) OPC; (b) 20UP; (c) 40UP; (d) 60UP

Table 5.

Impressed voltage test results (in hours)

MixThe start–end times of steady stateThe initial crack time of the samples
Age (Days)72860907286090
OPC40 – 18040 – 19035 – 23020 – 240176188229236
20UP40 – 23030 – 35010 – 4775 – 477234353––
40UP35 – 24520 – 4775 – 4771 – 477245–––
60UP25 – 47715 – 4771 – 4770.5 – 477––––
Table 6.

Corrosion rate (mm/ year) by mass loss via the IVT

Age (Days)Mix
OPC20UP40UP60UP
77.2763.9132.4250.661
286.9451.4880.7170.331
605.7051.0750.5240.220
905.4570.8270.4410.165
Fig. 11.

SEM imaging of cement pastes aged 28 days, (a)Cement paste contains 0% U-POFA, (b) Cement paste contains 20% U-POFA, (c) Cement paste contains 40% U-POFA, (d) Cement paste contains 60% U-POFA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0042 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 24 - 40
Submitted on: Jan 16, 2024
Accepted on: Feb 5, 2024
Published on: Apr 2, 2024
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
corrosion resistance,
high-strength green concrete,
impressed voltage test,
palm oil fuel ash,
mass loss
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2024 Abdullah M. Zeyad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ali Aliakbar, Hassan M. Magbool, Taksiah A. Majid, Majed A. A. Aldahdooh, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)
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