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Exploring the Multidimensional Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students in Algerian University Incubators Cover

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Exploring the Multidimensional Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students in Algerian University Incubators

Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy

Volume 14 (2026): Issue 3 (September 2026)

By: Amina MERABET , Sidi Mohammed BENACHENHOU , Yamina GRARI , Abderrezzak MERABET and Abderrahmane ABEDOU

Open Access

|Sep 2026

Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Conceptual model of the study
Source: own processing

Table 1.

Measurement scales

Construct (code)	Block	Items	Scale
Know-What (KWT)	Entrepreneurship Education	5	1–7 Likert
Know-Why (KWY)	Entrepreneurship Education	5	1–7 Likert
Know-Who (KWO)	Entrepreneurship Education	5	1–7 Likert
Know-How (KHW)	Entrepreneurship Education	5	1–7 Likert
Attitude (ATT)	TPB	5	1–7 Likert
Subjective Norms (SN)	TPB	7	1–7 Likert
Perceived Behavioral Control	TPB	8	1–7 Likert
Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)	TPB	6	1–7 Likert

[i] Source: own processing

Table 2.

Demographic profile of respondents (n = 316)

Variable	Category	N	%
Gender	Male	118	37.3
Gender	Female	198	62.7
Age	15–24 years	230	72.8
	25–39 years	77	24.4
	40–55 years	8	2.5
	Over 55 years	1	0.3
Marital status	Single	289	91.5
	Married	25	7.9
	Divorced/Separated	2	0.6
	Widowed	0	0.0
Academic level	First-year Bachelor’s (L1)	4	1.3
	Second-year Bachelor’s (L2)	21	6.6
	Third-year Bachelor’s (L3)	59	18.7
	First-year Master’s (M1)	27	8.5
	Second-year Master’s (M2)	200	63.3
	PhD candidate	5	1.6
Field of study	Economics, Business and Management	129	40.8
	Technology	63	19.9
	Natural and Life/Earth Sciences	31	9.8
	Humanities and Social Sciences	28	8.9
	Sciences	22	7.0
	Language and Literature	18	5.7
	Law and Political Science	14	4.4
	Medicine	11	3.5
Total		316	100.0

[i] Source: own processing

Table 3.

Outer loadings of the retained indicators

Construct	Indicator	Outer loading
Attitude (ATT)	ATT1	0.859
	ATT2	0.904
	ATT3	0.891
	ATT4	0.704
Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)	EI1	0.832
	EI2	0.898
	EI3	0.871
	EI4	0.856
	EI5	0.829
Know-What (KWT)	KWT1	0.809
	KWT2	0.880
	KWT3	0.802
	KWT4	0.856
	KWT5	0.804
Know-Why (KWY)	KWY1	0.800
	KWY2	0.820
	KWY3	0.809
	KWY4	0.847
	KWY5	0.856
Know-Who (KWO)	KWO1	0.825
	KWO2	0.860
	KWO3	0.848
	KWO4	0.780
	KWO5	0.816
Know-How (KHW)	KHW1	0.852
	KHW2	0.889
	KHW3	0.856
	KHW4	0.812
	KHW5	0.831
Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)	PBC1	0.766
	PBC2	0.881
	PBC3	0.883
	PBC4	0.735
Subjective Norms (SN)	SN1	0.888
	SN2	0.899
	SN3	0.910

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 4.

Construct reliability and convergent validity

Construct	Cronbach’s α	rho_a	rho_c	AVE
ATT	0.862	0.882	0.907	0.711
EI	0.910	0.910	0.933	0.736
KWT	0.888	0.897	0.917	0.690
KWY	0.884	0.887	0.915	0.683
KWO	0.884	0.888	0.915	0.683
KHW	0.903	0.904	0.928	0.720
PBC	0.838	0.886	0.890	0.670
SN	0.883	0.895	0.927	0.809

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 5.

Fornell–Larcker criterion

Construct	ATT	EI	KHW	KWT	KWO	KWY	PBC	SN
ATT	0.843
EI	0.714	0.858
KHW	0.632	0.562	0.849
KWT	0.512	0.516	0.687	0.831
KWO	0.604	0.592	0.647	0.623	0.826
KWY	0.660	0.641	0.659	0.700	0.711	0.827
PBC	0.544	0.598	0.473	0.366	0.407	0.449	0.819
SN	0.422	0.432	0.298	0.297	0.448	0.384	0.370	0.899

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 6.

Heterotrait–monotrait ratio (HTMT)

Construct	ATT	EI	KHW	KWT	KWO	KWY	PBC
EI	0.799
KHW	0.713	0.617
KWT	0.577	0.566	0.764
KWO	0.683	0.656	0.717	0.697
KWY	0.748	0.713	0.736	0.787	0.799
PBC	0.620	0.650	0.529	0.409	0.445	0.499
SN	0.480	0.474	0.334	0.330	0.502	0.430	0.408

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 7.

Collinearity of the internal model (VIF)

Path	VIF	Path	VIF
KHW → ATT	2.307	KWY → ATT	2.688
KHW → PBC	2.307	KWY → PBC	2.688
KHW → SN	2.307	KWY → SN	2.688
KWT → ATT	2.418	ATT → EI	1.543
KWT → PBC	2.418	PBC → EI	1.470
KWT → SN	2.418	SN → EI	1.259
KWO → ATT/PBC/SN	2.319

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 8.

Coefficient of determination (R²)

Construct	R²	Adjusted R²
ATT	0.519	0.513
EI	0.582	0.579
PBC	0.261	0.251
SN	0.210	0.200

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 9.

Effect sizes (f²)

Predictor	→ ATT	→ PBC	→ SN	→ EI
KWT (Know-What)	0.007	0.002	0.000	—
KWY (Know-Why)	0.112	0.026	0.011	—
KWO (Know-Who)	0.028	0.004	0.074	—
KHW (Know-How)	0.097	0.056	0.000	—
ATT	—	—	—	0.414
PBC	—	—	—	0.124
SN	—	—	—	0.024

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Table 10.

Direct path coefficients (bootstrapping, 5,000 subsamples)

Path	β (O)	Sample mean	Standard deviation	T statistics	p	95% CI
ATT → EI	0.516	0.519	0.052	9.878	0.000	[0.418, 0.622]
PBC → EI	0.276	0.274	0.053	5.229	0.000	[0.167, 0.375]
SN → EI	0.113	0.112	0.042	2.663	0.008	[0.027, 0.196]
KWT → ATT	−0.090	−0.088	0.068	1.321	0.186	[−0.223, 0.042]
KWT → PBC	−0.055	−0.053	0.083	0.654	0.513	[−0.214, 0.112]
KWT → SN	−0.023	−0.018	0.084	0.270	0.787	[−0.181, 0.147]
KWY → ATT	0.380	0.379	0.075	5.086	<0.001	[0.227, 0.525]
KWY → PBC	0.227	0.227	0.092	2.480	0.013	[0.044, 0.402]
KWY → SN	0.156	0.151	0.104	1.494	0.135	[−0.056, 0.348]
KWO → ATT	0.177	0.179	0.067	2.644	0.008	[0.052, 0.313]
KWO → PBC	0.080	0.081	0.083	0.957	0.339	[−0.083, 0.246]
KWO → SN	0.369	0.373	0.089	4.127	<0.001	[0.201, 0.547]
KHW → ATT	0.328	0.328	0.065	5.072	<0.001	[0.199, 0.456]
KHW → PBC	0.309	0.308	0.074	4.165	<0.001	[0.167, 0.453]
KHW → SN	−0.027	−0.031	0.089	0.304	0.761	[−0.199, 0.143]

[i] Source: own processing based on SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 output

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2026-0017 | Journal eISSN: 2392-8042

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Language: English

Page range: 304 - 324

Submitted on: Jul 26, 2026

|

Accepted on: Aug 28, 2026

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Published on: Sep 29, 2026

Published by: Scoala Nationala de Studii Politice si Administrative

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

entrepreneurship education,

entrepreneurial intention,

Theory of Planned Behavior,

Johannisson’s framework,

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Political economics,

Macroeconomics,

Business management,

Business management, other,

Social sciences,

Labor, trade unions,

Sociology of economy, organizations, and industry

© 2026 Amina MERABET, Sidi Mohammed BENACHENHOU, Yamina GRARI, Abderrezzak MERABET, Abderrahmane ABEDOU, published by Scoala Nationala de Studii Politice si Administrative
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 14 (2026): Issue 3 (September 2026)

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