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Leveraging Knowledge Networks for Environmental Performance: The Role of Second-Order Social Capital in Manufacturing CSR Initiative Cover

Leveraging Knowledge Networks for Environmental Performance: The Role of Second-Order Social Capital in Manufacturing CSR Initiative

By: Asif KHAN and  Chung-Wen HUNG  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Theoretical framework of the study
Source: own processing
Theoretical framework of the study Source: own processing

Figure 2.

Structural model
Source: own processing
Structural model Source: own processing

Confidence intervals

RelationshipsPath coefficient (ß)CI LowerCI Upper
SOC1<-SOC0.8520.8210.879
SOC2 <-SOC0.8440.8060.876
SOC3 <-SOC0.8400.8030.872
SOC4 <-SOC0.8350.7910.872
SOS1<-SOS0.8600.8260.888
SOS2 < – SOS0.8810.8500.907
SOS3 < – SOS0.8750.8480.899
PHI1 < – PHI0.8480.8140.877
PHI2 < – PHI0.8530.8190.882
PHI3 < – PHI0.8310.7920.863
PHI4 < – PHI0.6120.5130.697
LEG1<-LEG0.8780.8490.902
LEG2 <-LEG0.8790.8500.903
LEG3 <-LEG0.8510.8100.885
ETHI1 < – ETHI0.8730.8450.897
ETHI2 < – ETHI0.8720.8390.900
ETHI3 < – ETHI0.8750.8480.900
ETHI4 < – ETHI0.8440.8120.873
ECO1<-ECO0.8640.8320.890
ECO2<-ECO0.8550.8210.883
ECO3<-ECO0.8440.8070.875
ECO4<-ECO0.6850.5990.756
EP1<-EP0.7650.7110.811
EP2 < – EP0.7150.6490.773
EP3 < – EP0.7720.7200.817
EP4 < – EP0.7830.7340.826
EP5 < – EP0.7630.7050.811
EP6 < – EP0.7630.7090.812
EP7 < – EP0.8030.7550.843
EP8 < – EP0.7820.7360.821
EP9 < – EP0.7070.6420.763
EP10 <-EP0.7530.7010.798

Fornell and Larcker criterion

ConstructsECOEPETHILEGPHISOCSOS
ECO0.815
EP0.1340.762
ETHI0.8580.0980.866
LEG0.4590.3250.4260.870
PHI0.7070.2730.6330.5710.793
SOC0.2800.2780.2430.2800.3460.843
SOS0.2060.2700.2110.2540.3160.7620.873

Convergent validity

ConstructsCronbach AlphaRho_ACRAVE
CSR0.9280.9310.9370.503
ECO0.8280.8310.8870.664
EP0.9200.9210.9330.581
ETHI0.8890.8890.9230.751
LEG0.8390.8430.9030.756
PHI0.7950.8050.8690.628
SOC0.8640.8640.9080.711
SOS0.8430.8440.9050.761
SOSC0.9090.9090.9270.646

Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT)

ConstructsECOEPETHILEGPHISOCSOS
ECO
EP0.161
ETHI0.8810.111
LEG0.5510.3660.491
PHI0.8780.3230.7530.714
SOC0.3330.3090.2770.3320.416
SOS0.2480.3040.2430.3040.3860.871

Hypotheses results

HypothesesPath coefficient (ß)T valuesP values
H1: CSR -> EP0.1472.5840.010
H2: CSR -> SOSC0.3336.9110.000
H3: SOSC -> EP0.2484.5020.000
H4: CSR -> SOSC -> EP0.0833.5410.000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2025-0024 | Journal eISSN: 2392-8042 | Journal ISSN: 2286-2668
Language: English
Page range: 430 - 444
Submitted on: Sep 21, 2025
|
Accepted on: Dec 8, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 22, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Asif KHAN, Chung-Wen HUNG, published by Scoala Nationala de Studii Politice si Administrative
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.