Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Results of the PCR test for the presence of two Cryptosporidium spp_ in the studied bird group
| Species | n | C. proventriculi | C. meleagridis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (+) | % | n (+) | % | ||
| African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) | 3 | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 33.3 |
| Blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Blue-headed pionus (Pionus menstruus) | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Canary (Serinus canaria) | 3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | 20 | 6 | 30 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Moluccan eclectus (Eclectus roratus) | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Golden-collared macaw (Primolius auricollis) | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Green-cheeked conure (Pyrrhura molinae) | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) | 4 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Pigeon (Columba livia) | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 62.5 |
| Plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Senegal parrot (Poicephalus senegalus) | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Sun conure (Aratinga solstitialis) | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus timneh) | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Yellow-headed amazon (Amazona oratrix) | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 63 | 15 | 23.8 | 6 | 9.52 |
Diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic assay evaluated against one-tube nested real-time PCR for detection of Cryptosporidium spp_ in avian faeces
| Positive (ref. method n = 21) | Negative (ref. method n = 42) | |
|---|---|---|
| IC rapid assay positive | 14 | 5 |
| IC rapid assay negative | 7 | 37 |