Effects of chokeberry pomace supplementation on biochemical, metabolic and antioxidant parameters in high-yielding dairy goats

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Start	Finish	A1, A2, C Start to finish
ALB g/L	15g (A1)	41.7±3.82	38.5±2.51	0.044*
	30g (A2)	40.1±1.87	39.0±1.29	0.483
	control (C)	42.2±5.6	37.6±3.36	0.006*
GGT IU/L	15g (A1)	51.5±5.68	45.4±4.78	0.012*
	30g (A2)	51.7±3.40	41.3±4.12	<0.001*
	control (C)	59.2±5.3	54.2±6.21	0.042*
ALP IU/L	15g (A1)	124.7±43.69	99.4±11.96	0.046*
	30g (A2)	110.1±26.08	115.7±23.78	0.645
	control (C)	119.2±27.0	102.0±6.95	0.184
ALT IU/L	15g (A1)	17.2±2.05	16.3±1.94	0.364
	30g (A2)	16.4±1.59	14.9±2.08	0.109
	control (C)	18.6±2.4	18.0±2.20	0.581
AST IU/L	15g (A1)	89.2±8.63	79.7±8.31	0.006*
	30g (A2)	78.1±4.83	74.8±5.69	0.312
	control (C)	91.3±7.2	90.1±7.06	0.726
BILT mg/dl	15g (A1)	0.8±0.20	0.9±0.14	0.310
	30g (A2)	0.7±0.18	0.6±0.19	0.127
	control (C)	0.9±0.2	0.9±0.19	0.975
LIP IU/L	15g (A1)	19.8±2.23	17.4±1.85	0.010*
	30g (A2)	19.1±1.90	16.5±1.81	0.005*
	control (C)	19.8±2.1	19.0±1.57	0.366
CHE IU/L	15g (A1)	73.9±14.51	53.8±8.89	0.001*
	30g (A2)	52.8±13.74	57.0±13.25	0.453
	control (C)	70.2±11.7	55.1±9.14	0.014*
TP g/L	15g (A1)	72.7±5.26	70.2±5.62	0.345
	30g (A2)	71.1±5.41	69.8±4.13	0.610
	control (C)	75.4±6.4	72.3±6.30	0.249
CK IU/L	15g (A1)	183.8±20.81	158.8±20.84	0.077
	30g (A2)	146.6±17.56	214.7±50.78	<0.001*
	control (C)	181.4±29.0	150.0±16.71	0.032*
LDH IU/L	15g (A1)	801.3±50.46	778.2±37.45	0.458
	30g (A2)	779.6±53.64	638.9±48.52	<0.001*
	control (C)	798.9±106.6	810.6±75.38	0.714
CRE μmol/L	15g (A1)	60.0±6.26	59.3±3.02	0.761
	30g (A2)	64.2±3.70	61.7±6.09	0.255
	control (C)	61.7±3.6	57.3±4.24	0.062
GLU mmol/L	15g (A1)	3.1±0.41	3.1±0.18	0.609
	30g (A2)	3.2±0.22	3.4±0.31	0.266
	control (C)	3.1±0.4	3.3±0.24	0.289
LACT mmol/L	15g (A1)	2.3±0.17	1.5±0.21	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	2.6±0.47	1.6±0.31	<0.001*
	control (C)	2.7±0.6	1.7±0.38	<0.001*

1* – statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

1 ALB – albumin; GGT– gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP – alkaline phosphatase; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; BILT – total bilirubin; LIP – lipase; CHE – cholinesterase; TP – total protein; CK – creatine kinase; LDH – lactate dehydrogenase; CRE – creatinine; GLU – glucose; LACT – lactate

Table 2.

Lipid profile changes in blood serum of lactating goats after supplementation with Aronia melanocarpa pomace

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Start	Finish	A1, A2, C Start to finish
TRIG mmol/L	15g (A1)	Start	Finish	0.3±0.05	0.2±0.04	0.014*
	30g (A2)	0.3±0.03	0.2±0.03	<0.001*
	control (C)	0.3±0.1	0.4±0.06	0.123
CHOL mmol/L	15g (A1)	3.0±0.47	2.7±0.31	0.076
	30g (A2)	3.0±0.22	2.6±0.37	0.011*
	control (C)	3.2±0.4	3.3±0.38	0.467
HDL mmol/L	15g (A1)	2.1±0.17	2.3±0.13	0.006*
	30g (A2)	2.1±0.35	2.6±0.14	<0.001*
	control (C)	2.1±0.1	2.0±0.17	0.313
LDL mmol/L	15g (A1)	0.8±0.06	0.7±0.10	0.011
	30g (A2)	0.8±0.09	0.6±0.12	0.005*
	control (C)	0.8±0.1	0.9±0.15	0.242

1* – statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

1 TRIG – triglycerides; CHOL – total cholesterol; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein

Table 3.

Macro- and microelement concentrations in blood serum of lactating goats after supplementation with Aronia melanocarpa pomace

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Start	Finish	A1, A2, C Start to finish
K mmol/L	15g (A1)	4.3±0.39	4.2±0.34	0.726
	30g (A2)	4.2±0.56	4.2±0.32	0.746
	control (C)	4.1±0.4	4.2±0.45	0.707
Na mmol/L	15g (A1)	148.5±8.57	134.2±3.16	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	146.3±5.61	137.0±2.71	0.001*
	control (C)	150.3±8.3	137.4±2.57	<0.001*
Cl mmol/L	15g (A1)	110.1±7.24	108.9±2.61	0.614
	30g (A2)	107.6±6.50	108.7±2.78	0.624
	control (C)	110.8±6.1	108.1±1.86	0.265
Mg mmol/L	15g (A1)	1.3±0.15	1.1±0.09	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	1.3±0.07	1.2±0.06	0.035*
	control (C)	1.3±0.1	1.2±0.05	0.002*
P mmol/L	15g (A1)	2.8±0.33	2.3±0.30	0.010*
	30g (A2)	2.2±0.19	2.2±0.32	0.786
	control (C)	2.9±0.4	2.8±0.47	0.815
Ca mmol/L	15g (A1)	2.0±0.34	2.0±0.16	0.488
	30g (A2)	2.1±0.15	2.2±0.11	0.696
	control (C)	2.1±0.4	2.0±0.30	0.511
Fe μmol//L	15g (A1)	21.5±1.29	26.9±2.47	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	20.5±1.31	30.9±1.74	<0.001*
	control (C)	20.7±1.4	21.8±2.58	0.210

1* – statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

Table 4.

Aminopeptidase enzyme activity in blood serum of lactating goats after supplementation with Aronia melanocarpa pomace

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
		Start	Finish	A1, A2, C
		Start	Finish	Start to finish
AlaAP nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	4.1±0.36	4.2±0.40	0.727
	30g (A2)	4.0±0.44	4.5±0.48	0.007*
	control (C)	4.3±0.4	4.3±0.38	0.809
LeuAP nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	3.0±0.45	2.9±0.24	0.541
	30g (A2)	2.9±0.45	2.7±0.41	0.295
	control (C)	3.0±0.3	2.6±0.26	0.033*
ArgAP nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	4.0±0.46	3.5±0.43	0.017*
	30g (A2)	4.8±0.37	4.0±0.44	< 0.001*
	control (C)	4.9±0.4	4.7±0.54	0.381

1* statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

1 AlaAP – alanyl aminopeptidase, LeuAP – leucyl aminopeptidase, ArgAP – arginyl aminopeptidase

Table 5.

Lysosomal enzyme activity in blood serum of lactating goats after supplementation with Aronia melanocarpa pomace

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
		Start	Finish	A1, A2, C
		Start	Finish	Start to finish
ACP nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	10.9±1.40	15.9±2.23	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	10.7±1.02	19.4±1.28	<0.001*
	control (C)	11.0±1.1	11.3±0.93	0.662
β-GRD nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	2.3±0.35	2.0±0.30	0.052
	30g (A2)	2.4±0.47	1.7±0.25	<0.001*
	control (C)	2.4±0.2	2.3±0.22	0.468
β-GAL nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	3.4±0.29	4.2±0.26	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	3.4±0.50	4.8±0.32	<0.001*
	control (C)	3.5±0.4	3.6±0.34	0.429
β-GLU nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	1.9±0.14	4.7±0.62	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	2.1±0.24	5.2±0.64	<0.001*
	control (C)	2.1±0.3	2.1±0.22	0.856
HEX nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	2.9±0.42	5.4±0.51	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	2.6±0.42	5.8±0.78	<0.001*
	control (C)	2.8±0.5	2.8±0.35	0.871
α-GLU nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	7.5±0.92	5.5±0.58	<0.001*
	30g (A2)	8.0±0.63	5.1±0.49	<0.001*
	control (C)	7.9±0.7	7.4±0.38	0.111
MAN nmol/(mg protein·h)	15g (A1)	7.6±0.97	6.5±0.76	0.004*
	30g (A2)	7.6±0.43	6.6±0.69	0.013*
	control (C)	7.7±0.9	7.3±0.84	0.279

1* – statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

1 ACP – acid phosphatase; β-GRD – β-glucuronidase; β-GAL – β-galactosidase; β-GLU – β-glucosidase; HEX – N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase; α-GLU – α-glucosidase; MAN – mannosidase

Table 6.

Antioxidant parameters in blood serum of lactating goats after supplementation with Aronia melanocarpa pomace

Parameter	Pomace mass per kg feed (group)	Mean ± standard deviation		P-value
		Start	Finish	A1, A2, C
		Start	Finish	Start to finish
DPPH % inhibition	15g (A1)	60.1±3.47	62.3±1.60	0.054
	30g (A2)	59.8±1.65	68.7±2.67	< 0.001*
	control (C)	60.2±2.4	60.8±1.10	0.630
Vitamin C mg/100 mL	15g (A1)	0.9±0.12	1.1±0.11	0.039*
	30g (A2)	1.0±0.15	1.1±0.08	0.136
	control (C)	0.9±0.2	0.9±0.12	0.637
GSH μmol	15g (A1)	283.8±46.35	391.3±67.51	< 0.001*
	30g (A2)	284.3±19.57	509.2±44.12	< 0.001*
	control (C)	283.5±32.3	279.6±38.10	0.856
POL mg GAE/mL	15g (A1)	1.6±0.30	1.6±0.14	0.844
	30g (A2)	1.6±0.32	1.9±0.23	0.013*
	control (C)	1.6±0.2	1.6±0.27	0.834

1* – statistically significant differences at P-value ≤ 0.05

1 DPPH – 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical; GSH – reduced glutathione; POL – total polyphenols; GAE – gallic acid equivalent

Pearson correlation matrix of selected biochemical, enzymatic, antioxidant and metabolic parameters in high-yielding dairy goats after supplementation with *Arona melanocarpa* pomace

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0054 | Journal eISSN: 2450-8608 (formerly 2300-3235)

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Language: English

Page range: 417 - 427

Submitted on: Jul 11, 2025

Accepted on: Sep 25, 2025

Published on: Oct 4, 2025

Published by: National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

bioactives,

biochemical parameters,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Veterinary medicine

© 2025 Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska, Krzysztof Niemczuk, Nina Strzałkowska, Zbigniew Osiński, Agnieszka Wierzbicka, Barbara Wijas, Sylwester Marczak, Karina Horbańczuk, Artur Jóźwik, published by National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 69 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)

Effects of chokeberry pomace supplementation on biochemical, metabolic and antioxidant parameters in high-yielding dairy goats

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Fig 1.

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