Prevalence of chlamydiae in dairy cattle herds and factors contributing to the spread of infections

Szymańska-Czerwińska, Mońika; Jodełko, Agnieszka; Osiński, Zbigniew; Zaręba-Marchewka, Kinga; Niemczuk, Krzysztof

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2024-0071

Figures & Tables

True seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal and herd level in cattle herds in the voivodeships of Poland based on serum analyses by complement fixation test. TPH – true-positive herds; TPA – true-positive animals; Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria
– the size of the symbol corresponds to the number of cows in the voivodeship — True seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal and herd level in cattle herds in the voivodeships of Poland based on serum analyses by complement fixation test. TPH – true-positive herds; TPA – true-positive animals; Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria – the size of the symbol corresponds to the number of cows in the voivodeship

Multivariate analysis of the presence of antibodies against chlamydiae in sera at herd and animal level, the geographical location of the farms and the dairy cow stock in the voivodeship and the positive and negative conformity rates between the results of serological screening for chlamydiae and Coxiella burnetii in the same sera samples. Blue points represent each category of analysed variables. Blue points with similar profiles (low value of distances indicating a strong association between variables) are marked by the red rectangles. Blue points located in the green rectangle in the graph’s centre show the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the lack of any association. Blue points located in the dashed rectangle shows the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the association with more than one groups
ACh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal level; HCh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at herd level; CP – dairy cattle population; Con Pos Q/Ch – conformity between positive results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples; Con Neg Q/Ch – conformity between negative results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples. Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria — Multivariate analysis of the presence of antibodies against chlamydiae in sera at herd and animal level, the geographical location of the farms and the dairy cow stock in the voivodeship and the positive and negative conformity rates between the results of serological screening for chlamydiae and Coxiella burnetii in the same sera samples. Blue points represent each category of analysed variables. Blue points with similar profiles (low value of distances indicating a strong association between variables) are marked by the red rectangles. Blue points located in the green rectangle in the graph’s centre show the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the lack of any association. Blue points located in the dashed rectangle shows the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the association with more than one groups ACh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal level; HCh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at herd level; CP – dairy cattle population; Con Pos Q/Ch – conformity between positive results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples; Con Neg Q/Ch – conformity between negative results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples. Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria

Results of complement fixation tests for chlamydiae on dairy cow serum samples at herd and animal level in each Polish voivodeship

Group	Voivodeship	Animals				Herds
Group	Voivodeship	Number tested	% positive	% positive (Clopper– Pearson 95% CI)	% true positive (95% CI)	Number tested	% positive	% positive (Clopper– Pearson 95% CI)	% true positive (95% CI)
G1, G5	Greater Poland	146	54	37.0 (29.2–45.4)	40.3 (26.9–95.5)	19	14	73.7 (48.8–90.9)	73.7 (51.6–89.2)^{c, d, l, o}
G1	Podlaskie	175	64	36.6 (29.4–44.2)	39.9 (26.8–94.5)	97	43	44.3 (34.2–54.8)	44.3 (34.7–54.2)ⁱ
G1	Świętokrzyskie	120	46	38.3 (29.6–47.6)	43.3 (28.3–95.9)	60	29	48.3 (35.2–61.6)	48.3 (36.0–60.8)^k
G1	Łódź	196	71	36.2 (29.5–43.4)	41.0 (27.0–95.1)	160	64	40 (32.3–48.0)	40 (32.6–47.7)^{d, e}
G1	Kuyavia-Pomerania	250	90	36.0 (30.0–42.3)	37.8 (26.4–93.5)	152	68	44.7 (36.7–53.0)	44.7 (37.0–52.7)^{a, b}
G2, G5	Masovia	164	46	28.0 (21.3–35.6)	30.0 (15.3–76.8)	27	16	59.3 (38.8–77.6)	59.3 (40.6–76.1)^g
G2	Opole	200	54	27.0 (21.0–33.7)	28.8 (14.4–71.9)	54	33	61.1 (46.9–74.1)	61.1 (47.8–73.3)^{d, h}
G2	Lesser Poland	90	23	25.6 (16.9–35.8)	26.7 (10.4–73.4)	10	8	80.0 (44.4–97.5)	80 (49.7–95.6)^{c, d, f}
G2	Subcarpathia	178	43	24.2 (18.1–31.1)	24.6 (10.2–63.3)	173	41	23.7 (17.6–30.7)	23.7 (17.8–30.6)^{a, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m}
G2	West Pomerania	245	83	33.9 (23.8–37.2)	35.6 (24.0–90.7)	43	29	67.4 (51.5–80.9)	67.4 (52.7–80.0)^{b, c, d, m, n, p}
G3	Lublin	112	32	28.3 (20.2–37.6)	31.3 (15.4–78.8)	60	22	36.7 (24.6–50.1)	36.7 (25.3–49.3)^c
G3	Silesia	220	66	30.0 (24.0–36.5)	32.0 (19.3–80.2)	58	23	39.7 (27.0–53.6)	39.7 (27.8–52.5)^h
G3	Pomerania	192	58	30.2 (23.8–37.2)	33.9 (18.8–80.1)	87	42	48.3 (37.4–59.2)	48.3 (38.0–58.7)^j
G3	Lower Silesia	250	73	29.2 (23.6–35.3)	30.7 (18.0–77.1)	39	17	43.6 (27.8–60.3)	43.6 (28.9–59.1)
G3	Lubusz	91	28	30.8 (21.5–41.3)	34.2 (17.0–87.3)	48	19	39.6 (25.8–54.7)	39.6 (26.7–53.7)
G4	Warmia-Masuria	150	35	23.3 (16.8–30.9)	23.9 (8.5–63.0)	66	24	36.4 (24.9–49.1)	36.4 (25.5–48.4)^{e, o, p}
Total/mean		2,780	866	31.2 (29.4–32.9)	33.3 (21.2–76.8)	1,153	492	42.7 (39.8–45.6)	42.7 (39.8–45.5)

Prevalence of chlamydiae in dairy cattle herds and factors contributing to the spread of infections

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Fig. 2.

Results of complement fixation tests for chlamydiae on dairy cow serum samples at herd and animal level in each Polish voivodeship

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