Serological evidence of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland

Czyżewska-Dors, Ewelina Barbara; Augustyniak, Agata; Piekutowska-Nóżka, Ewa; Jężak, Joanna; Kowalczyk, Ewelina; Jabłoński, Artur

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2024-0059

Abstract

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae among wild boars inhabiting Poland.

Material and Methods

Serum samples were collected from 281 wild boars of varying ages (juveniles, adolescents and adults) and subjected to testing using a commercial indirect ELISA assay.

Results

The prevalence of E. rhusiopathiae antibodies was notably high, reaching 75.1% overall and varying slightly across different age categories (90.0% in juveniles, 70.7% in adolescents and 79.6% in adults). Despite these variations, no statistically significant differences were observed among age groups (P-value > 0.05).

Conclusion

The elevated prevalence of E. rhusiopathiae identified in this study underscores the significance of wild boars as natural reservoirs of this bacterium. Further investigations are warranted to identify the risk factors associated with disease transmission to other species, including humans.

References

Asimaki E., Nolte O., Overesch G., Strahm C.: A dangerous hobby? Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia most probably acquired from freshwater aquarium fish handling. Infection 2017, 45, 557–562, doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0966-z.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Augustyniak A., Pomorska-Mól M.: An update in knowledge of pigs as the source of zoonotic pathogens. Animals 2023, 13, 3281, doi: 10.3390/ani13203281.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Balkhair A., Al Lawati H., Al Riyami M., Alameddine T., Al Amin M., Al Adawi B.: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis diagnosed by broad range 16s rRNA PCR gene sequencing. IDCases 2019, 18, 00584, doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00584.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bellini S.: Chapter 7, The pig sector in the European Union. In: Understanding and combatting African swine fever: A European perspective. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2021, 639–648, doi: 10.3920/978-90-8686-910-7_7.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boadella M., Ruiz-Fons J.F., Vicente J., Martín M., Segalés J., Gortazar C.: Seroprevalence evolution of selected pathogens in Iberian wild boar. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012, 59, 395–404, doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01285.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bobek B., Furtek J., Bobek J., Merta D., Wojciuch-Płoskonka M.: Spatio-temporal characteristics of crop damage caused by wild boar in north-eastern Poland. Crop Prot 2017, 93, 106–112, doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.030.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Canotilho J., Abrantes A.C., Risco D., Fernández-Llario P., Aranha J., Vieira-Pinto M.: First Serologic Survey of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Wild Boars Hunted for Private Consumption in Portugal. Animals 2023, 13, 2936, doi: 10.3390/ani13182936.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cano-Manuel F.J., López-Olvera J., Fandos P., Soriguer R.C., Pérez J.M., Granados J.E.: Long-term monitoring of 10 selected pathogens in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Sierra Nevada National Park, southern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2014, 174, 148–154, doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.017.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Closa-Sebastià F., Casas-Díaz E., Cuenca R., Lavín S., Mentaberre G., Marco I.: Antibodies to selected pathogens in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Catalonia (NE Spain). Eur J Wildl Res 2011, 57, 977–981, doi: 10.1007/s10344-010-0491-9.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dec M., Łagowski D., Nowak T., Pietras-Ożga D., Herman K.: Serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, genotypic virulence profiles and SpaA variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from pigs in Poland. Pathogens 2023, 12, 409, doi: 10.3390/pathogens12030409.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dors A.: Influence of organization of production and management on production parameters, health status and occurrence and spread of enteric bacterial pathogens in pig herds (in Polish). PhD Thesis, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland, 2015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Commission: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/627 of 15 March 2019 laying down uniform practical arrangements for the performance of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2074/2005 as regards official controls. OJEU L 2019, 131, 62, 17/05/2019, 51–100, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/62.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Formenti N., Calò S., Vitale N., Eriksson H., Giovannini S., Salogni C., D’Incau M., Pacciarini M.L., Zanoni M., Alborali G.L., Chiari M.: Influence of anthropic environmental-related factors on erysipelas in wild boar. EcoHealth 2021, 18, 372–382, doi: 10.1007/s10393-021-01557-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Government of the Republic of Poland: Rozporządzenie Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 1 marca 2023 r. w sprawie wprowadzenia w 2023 r. na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej “Programu mającego na celu wczesne wykrycie zakażeń wirusem wywołującym afrykański pomór świń i poszerzenie wiedzy na temat tej choroby oraz jej zwalczanie” (Decree by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of 1 March 2023 on the Introduction of the Programme for Early Detection of Infection with the Virus Causing African Swine Fever and for Propagation of Knowledge of the Disease and How to Combat it in Poland in 2023). Dz U 2024, poz. 563 (Official Journal of Laws 2024, item 563).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kaneko F., Kitamura N., Suzuki K., Kato M.: Serological survey of antibodies to four pathogens in wild boars in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022, 84, 855–859, doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0035.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Knap J.P.: Różyca ludzi w województwie lubelskim w latach 2005–2008 na tle jej sytuacji epidemiologicznej w Polsce. Próba analizy (Human erysipeloid in the Lublin Region during 2005– 2008 on the background of the epidemiological situation in Poland – attempted analysis (in Polish)). Med Ogólna Nauki Zdr 2013, 19, 153–157.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Malmsten A., Magnusson U., Ruiz-Fons F., González-Barrio D., Dalin A.M.: A serologic survey of pathogens in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Sweden. J Wildl Dis 2018, 54, 229–237, doi: 10.7589/2017-05-120.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marinou K.A., Papatsiros V.G., Gkotsopoulos E.K., Odatzoglou P.K., Athanasiou L.V.: Exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in Greece. Vet Q 2015, 35, 97–101, doi: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1022666.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Murrell K.D.: The dynamics of Trichinella spiralis epidemiology: Out to pasture? Vet Parasitol 2016, 231, 92–96, doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.020.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Opriessnig T., Forde T., Shimoji Y.: Erysipelothrix spp.: Past, present, and future directions in vaccine research. Front Vet Sci 2020, 7, 174, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00174.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pejsak Z., Truszczyński M., Tarasiuk K.: Afrykański pomór świń u dzików (African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar – in Polish). Med Weter 2018, 74, 743–746, doi: 10.21521/mw.6148.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pejsak Z., Woźniakowski G.: Dlaczego epizootia afrykańskiego pomoru świń w Polsce i w Europie nie wygaśnie samoczynnie (The epizootics of African swine fever in Poland and European countries – why there will be no spontaneous-extinction – in Polish). Życie Weter 2022, 97, 308–314.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pomorska-Mól M., Markowska-Daniel I., Pejsak Z.: Effect of age and maternally-derived antibody status on humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination of pigs against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Vet J 2012, 194, 128–130, doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.03.009.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rostamian M., Rahmati D., Akya A.: Clinical manifestations, associated diseases, diagnosis, and treatment of human infections caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: A systematic review. Germs 2022, 12, 16–31, doi: 10.18683/germs.2022.1303.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shimizu T., Okamoto C., Aoki H., Harada K., Kataoka Y., Ono F., Kadohira M., Takai S.: Serological surveillance for antibodies against Erysipelothrix species in wild boar and deer in Japan. Jpn J Vet Res 2016, 64, 91–94, doi: 10.14943/jjvr.64.1.91.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shimoji Y., Osaki M., Ogawa Y., Shiraiwa K., Nishikawa S., Eguchi M., Yamamoto T., Tsutsui T.: Wild boars: A potential source of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2019, 63, 465–468, doi: 10.1111/13480421.12736.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Statistics Poland: Statistical Yearbook of Forestry, Statistics Poland, Warsaw, 2022, https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/13/5/1/rocznik_statystyczny_lesnictw a_2022.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tomaszuk-Kazberuk A., Kamińska M., Sobkowicz B., Hirnle T., Prokop J., Lewczuk A., Sawicki R., Musiał W.: Infective endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae involving three native valves. Kardiol Pol 2011, 69, 827–829.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vicente J., León-Vizcaíno L., Gortázar C., José Cubero M., González M., Martín-Atance P.: Antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in European wild boars from southcentral Spain. J Wildl Dis 2002, 38, 649–652, doi: 10.7589/0090-355838.3.649.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vieira-Pinto M., Fernandes A.R.G., Santos M.H., Marucci G.: Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal. Zoonoses Public Health 2021, 68, 103–109, doi: 10.1111/zph.12800.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yamamoto K., Kijima M., Takahashi T., Yoshimura H., Tani O., Kojyou T., Yamawaki Y., Tanimoto T.: Serovar, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) affected with septicemic erysipelas in Japan. Res Vet Sci 1999, 67, 301–303, doi: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0311.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article