Evaluation of Glycine max genotypes (maturity groups IV and V) for resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii via phenotypic and GWAS assays

Response of soybean lines to infection by Meloidogyne enterolobii in an initial greenhouse screening experiment, round 1. ^aAll soybean lines, including the susceptible controls, were planted once (n = 1) and the positive inoculation controls, tomato, had five replicates (n = 5). Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii and evaluated at 60 days post inoculation. The table includes the root galling severity as a percentage, eggs per gram of root tissue (Eggs g⁻¹ of root), and RF for each line tested. Lines were scored as susceptible (S, RF > 1) or resistant (R, RF < 1)

Soybean line	Root gall severity (0–100%)	RF	Eggs g⁻¹ of root	Susceptible or resistant
PI 548682	0	0.28	54	R
PI 548555	1	0.11	16	R
PI 639740	1	0.17	59	R
PI 548518	1	0.17	41	R
PI 548339	1	0.06	16	R
PI 548401	0	0	0	R
PI 553052	0	0.44	145	R
PI 556912	0	0.17	55	R
PI 548548	0	0.17	45	R
PI 548627	2	0.22	106	R
PI 595362	1	0.67	131	R
PI 619232	1	0.56	105	R
PI 559931	0	0.44	59	R
PI 553048	10	3.33	714	S
PI 508269	4	12.91	3,073	S
PI 670461	5	10.33	1,512	S
PI 556546	7	6.50	1,204	S
PI 548546	3	0.78	182	R
PI 597384	3	7.94	973	S
PI 543793	1	16.00	1,644	S
PI 597388	5	4.56	607	S
PI 632418	10	7.00	1,250	S
PI 556913	2	8.78	1,017	S
PI 543794	7	3.33	503	S
PI 548413	0	1.56	188	S
PI 548390	2	3.22	486	S
PI 506417	0	0.16	31	R
PI 548392	1	0.17	38	R
PI 590932	3	2.00	216	S
PI 667740	5	6.39	668	S
PI 544354	10	7.06	1,126	S
PI 556876	30	18.50	2,382	S
PI 548475	50	16.00	1,420	S
PI 548458	60	10.50	1,221	S
PI 548696	40	10.83	778	S
PI 548977	90	15.39	2,308	S
PI 533605	25	16.83	1,048	S
PI 548678	3	3.72	1,074	S
PI 355067	35	4.33	508	S
PI 665036	80	14.11	1,647	S
PI 548342	20	23.00	2,091	S
PI 548633	80	5.28	701	S
PI 548364	2	4.83	558	S
PI 548343	10	29.50	4,116	S
PI 614155	80	5.78	610	S
PI 556576	75	11.17	753	S
PI 593653	5	4.28	3,774	S
PI 548431	0	0.06	208	R
PI 548430	55	4.22	379	S
PI 548415	50	5.00	593	S
PI 664026	3	3.72	221	S
PI 510670	60	13.72	1,486	S
PI 540884	60	8.11	891	S
PI 548671	2	1.06	434	S
PI 561218	75	9.78	1,281	S
PI 548645	50	11.56	1,981	S
PI 561219	80	7.39	972	S
PI 548563	60	23.72	1,888	S
PI 540555	30	9.61	1,153	S
PI 607380	40	15.44	2,032	S
PI 598358	0	0.11	14	R
PI 548619	1	0.78	84	R
PI 548613	70	16.17	2,354	S
PI 612146	1	0.83	102	R
PI 548626	20	5.22	933	S
PI 518668	7	4.17	510	S
PI 556846	10	4.61	699	S
PI 664027	5	3.67	595	S
PI 548344	50	1.39	152	S
PI 620883	2	6.17	826	S
PI 576440	1	3.83	485	S
PI 548422	2	0.94	140	R
PI 556860	1	0.44	150	R
PI 559934	0	0.50	167	R
PI 548547	1	1.67	255	S
PI 561191	5	8.94	1,491	S
PI 548386	50	40.61	10,413	S
PI 597382	6	4.00	510	S
PI 548532	7	1.72	270	S
PI 508268	5	5.44	770	S
PI 548350	10	11.33	2,099	S
PI 553051	10	9.28	1,435	S
PI 560207	0	4.94	693	S
PI 548602	1	0.06	325	R
PI 595626	3	0.56	85	R
PI 556871	2	2.28	419	S
PI 548466	1	0.72	141	R
PI 593654	1	5.83	946	S
PI 559370	1	8.67	1,444	S
PI 646156 (Control)	0	0.11	21	R
PI 614732 (Control)	5	3.94	497	S
PI 562611 (Control)	0	0.17	38	R
PI 629013 (Control)	0	0.17	93	R
Tomato Control	12	0.37	221	S

[i] ^aLines from round 1 that either did not germinate or died shortly after inoculation include: PI 556826, PI 561596, PI 518664 (seed no longer available at GRIN), PI 556820, PI 601983, PI 548464, PI 577798, PI 561599, PI 556930, PI 527702 (Control), Tomato 1.

Table 2

Response of soybean lines to infection by Meloidogyne enterolobii in an initial greenhouse screening experiment, round 2. ^bAll soybean lines, including the susceptible controls, were planted once (n = 1) and the positive inoculation controls, tomato, had five replicates (n = 5). Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii and evaluated at 60 days post inoculation. The table includes the root galling severity as a percentage, eggs per gram of root tissue (Eggs g⁻¹ of root), and RF for each line tested. Lines were scored as susceptible (S, RF > 1) or resistant (R, RF < 1)

Soybean line	Root gall severity (0–100%)	RF	Eggs g⁻¹ of root	Susceptible or resistant
PI 593256	0	0.15	44	R
PI 548991	20	4.11	512	S
PI 548346	20	11.22	2371	S
PI 595363	10	3.41	451	S
PI 606749	2.5	3.86	566	S
PI 548667	3	0.67	107	R
PI 355070	0	0.08	19	R
PI 518673	25	5.03	1376	S
PI 548402	20	2.72	287	S
PI 633970	50	7.89	568	S
PI 548598	0	0.06	15	R
PI 548679	1	0.39	82	R
PI 556635	30	1.33	88	S
PI 548654	3.5	3.41	629	S
PI 534646	50	10.31	1844	S
PI 548987	10	1.44	156	S
PI 556906	0	0.17	23	R
PI 604100	1	0.56	157	R
PI 548559	0	0.06	13	R
PI 548410	5	2.11	603	S
PI 548428	60	14.67	1588	S
PI 564525	70	9.11	882	S
PI 548549	7	1.56	328	S
PI 548439	7	6.06	804	S
PI 548441	1	6.00	1104	S
PI 550734	10	9.22	1390	S
PI 595765	5	5.72	777	S
PI 556841	33	5.42	714	S
PI 631122	5	0.56	38	R
PI 596540	35	6.00	684	S
PI 561400	25	3.78	281	S
PI 560206	1	2.74	596	S
PI 512039	0	0.17	30	R
PI 556852	0	0.06	5	R
PI 611112	7	8.38	1497	S
PI 606748	0	0.28	45	R
PI 548309	0	0.36	61	R
PI 550731	20	4.00	508	S
PI 553049	25	12.28	1835	S
PI 598222	0	0.06	9	R
PI 556711	30	3.78	290	S
PI 615582	20	9.60	1051	S
PI 548517	10	5.89	1077	S
PI 548622	0.33	0.57	105	R
PI 614806	5	3.78	640	S
PI 553043	5	2.94	24	S
PI 548586	50	5.11	518	S
PI 548606	10	6.44	1510	S
PI 553038	2	11.89	1518	S
PI 548330	55	17.89	2736	S
PI 612608	2	12.33	3190	S
PI 572240	7.5	4.19	713	S
PI 548514	15	3.78	389	S
PI 548685	0	1.10	198	S
PI 572239	50	7.89	947	S
PI 583366	25	2.50	199	S
PI 548359	3.5	0.64	141	R
PI 602496	20	2.83	659	S
PI 543856	0	0.33	66	R
PI 548976	60	12.56	1235	S
PI 586981	1	1.67	177	S
PI 525454	80	12.00	1040	S
PI 646156 (Control)	1	2.83	500	S
PI 614732 (Control)	5	3.83	383	S
PI 562611 (Control)	20	6.78	992	S
PI 527702 (Control)	10	0.56	83	R
PI 629013 (Control)	15	1.33	165	S
Tomato 1	24	2.97	688	S

[i] ^bLines from round 2 that either died or did not germinate include: PI 630984, PI 355068, PI 561597, PI 548674, PI 618809, PI 533654, PI 548460, PI 533654, PI 548603, PI 556773, PI 564849, PI 583288, PI 556834, PI 636463, PI 633567, PI 550732, PI 548541, PI 665035, PI 548429, PI 560307, PI 556506, PI 553049, PI 548669, PI 548301, PI 550733, PI 564082, PI 527701, PI 596414, PI 54853.

Table 3

Response of soybean lines to infection by Meloidogyne enterolobii in an initial greenhouse screening experiment, round 3. ^cAll soybean lines, including the susceptible controls, were planted once (n = 1) and the positive inoculation controls, tomato, had five replicates (n = 5). Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii and evaluated at 60 days post inoculation. The table includes the root galling severity as a percentage, eggs/g root tissue (Eggs g⁻¹ of root), and RF for each line tested. Lines were scored as susceptible (S, RF > 1) or resistant (R, RF < 1)

Soybean line	Root gall severity (0–100%)	RF	Eggs g⁻¹ of root	Susceptible or resistant
PI 548682	12.5	0.81	132	S
PI 548555	5	2.22	179	S
PI 639740	10	0.56	42	R
PI 548401	34	2.57	387	S
PI 548548	60	4.61	498	S
PI 619232	0	0.11	15	R
PI 559931	15	1.44	175	S
PI 553048	10	2.28	594	S
PI 508269	5	8.94	1,214	S
PI 670461	10	1.00	91	R
PI 556546	5	0.44	33	R
PI 548546	50	7.72	1,114	S
PI 543793	15	1.78	237	S
PI 597388	30	1.72	146	S
PI 632418	20	0.72	42	S
PI 556913	10	2.83	478	S
PI 543794	20	2.94	429	S
PI 548413	5	4.94	1,514	S
PI 548390	60	8.28	1,364	S
PI 506417	30	17.17	1,565	S
PI 548392	0	0.89	202	R
PI 561596	32.5	3.61	808	S
PI 667740	10	1.11	154	S
PI 556876	25	9.17	986	S
PI 548475	25	1.62	103	S
PI 548458	20	2.33	149	S
PI 548696	10	3.89	525	S
PI 533605	25	3.56	544	S
PI 548678	60	10.89	981	S
PI 355067	10	3.17	642	S
PI 665036	1	1.06	110	R
PI 548342	10	1.83	224	S
PI 548633	25	11.22	1,433	S
PI 548364	40	2.06	339	S
PI 548343	5	5.56	947	S
PI 614155	15	2.33	236	S
PI 556576	20	2.06	147	S
PI 593653	10	3.28	692	S
PI 548431	15	9.56	1,129	S
PI 548430	60	2.72	391	S
PI 548415	25	5.83	931	S
PI 664026	10	3.44	517	S
PI 510670	1	2.33	761	S
PI 540884	50	3.72	395	S
PI 548671	60	5.28	851	S
PI 561218	10	0.61	50	R
PI 548645	1	3.33	758	S
PI 561219	60	9.61	1,872	S
PI 548563	50	9.28	910	S
PI 540555	0	0.50	183	R
PI 607380	70	5.61	399	S
PI 598358	60	9.61	2,827	S
PI 548619	10	2.83	368	S
PI 548613	40	11.83	1,320	S
PI 612146	17.5	4.14	443	S
PI 556820	10.5	5.94	828	S
PI 548626	50	3.33	488	S
PI 518668	5	2.39	326	S
PI 556846	20	2.44	346	S
PI 664027	20	4.50	431	S
PI 601983	8.3	1.20	332	S
PI 548344	60	12.44	821	S
PI 620883	60	4.44	430	S
PI 576440	10	1.75	169	S
PI 548422	20	10.61	2,166	S
PI 556860	40	3.39	319	S
PI 559934	1	1.61	250	S
PI 548547	5	2.56	782	S
PI 561191	22.5	3.44	474	S
PI 548464	1	5.28	1,667	S
PI 548386	45	7.08	1,079	S
PI 597382	20	5.89	849	S
PI 548532	10	0.89	139	R
PI 508268	5	2.17	363	S
PI 548350	3.7	1.61	143	S
PI 548602	30	7.78	558	S
PI 577798	25	3.58	378	S
PI 595626	3.7	1.02	146	S
PI 556871	0	0.17	69	R
PI 561599	45	2.80	509	S
PI 548466	0	0.55	18	R
PI 593654	15	2.94	517	S
PI 556930	6	1.36	153	S
PI 559370	60	29.06	2,602	S
PI 646156 (Control)	0	2.33	222	S
PI 562611 (Control)	12.5	3.03	576	S
PI 629013 (Control)	0	0.28	80	R
Tomato	90	3.39	1,640	S

[i] ^cLines from round 3 that either died or did not germinate include: PI 556826, PI 548518, PI 548339, PI 553052, PI 556912, PI 548627, PI 595362, PI 597384, PI 590932, PI 518664 (seed not available from GRIN), PI 544354, PI 548977, PI 553051, PI 560207, PI 614732 (Control), PI 527702 (Control).

Table 4

Response of soybean lines to infection by Meloidogyne enterolobii in an initial greenhouse screening experiment, round 4. ^dAll soybean lines, including the susceptible controls, were planted once (n = 1) and the positive inoculation controls, tomato, had 5 replicates (n = 5). Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii and evaluated at 60 days post inoculation. The table includes the root galling severity as a percentage, eggs/g root tissue (Eggs g⁻¹ of root), and reproductive factor (RF) for each line tested. Lines were scored as susceptible (S, RF > 1) or resistant (R, RF < 1)

Soybean line	Root gall severity (0–100%)	RF	Eggs g⁻¹ of root	Susceptible or resistant
PI 548518	0	3.11	915	S
PI 548339	20	4.44	725	S
PI 548401	20	43.72	7,287	S
PI 556912	10	5.56	,1042	S
PI 548627	20	6.17	1,555	S
PI 595362	5	3.33	667	S
PI 597384	30	14.61	2,884	S
PI 548392	0	0.89	202	R
PI 590932	15	8.44	1,189	S
PI 544354	15	3.17	270	S
PI 556930	20	2.28	240	S
PI 593256	1	9.17	1,536	S
PI 630984	13.3	15.33	1,622	S
PI 548991	15	4.67	1,157	S
PI 548346	25	12.67	3,455	S
PI 595363	40	21.17	2,318	S
PI 355068	12.5	3.11	377	S
PI 606749	20	10.00	1,685	S
PI 548667	15	7.78	791	S
PI 355070	15	5.39	624	S
PI 518673	60	6.94	1,532	S
PI 561597	11.7	3.39	407	S
PI 548402	0	6.00	687	S
PI 633970	20	5.78	623	S
PI 548674	60	13.61	6,282	S
PI 618809	5	4.72	1,889	S
PI 548598	5	3.67	542	S
PI 548679	25	10.33	925	S
PI 556635	15	5.28	519	S
PI 548654	1	0.61	80	R
PI 534646	40	12.17	2,897	S
PI 548987	20	9.00	2,213	S
PI 556906	0	9.39	2,965	S
PI 604100	1	3.72	1,283	S
PI 548460	3	7.50	2,073	S
PI 548559	0	2.67	559	S
PI 533654	3	7.61	1,177	S
PI 548603	30	15.67	1,787	S
PI 556773	50	18.89	4,077	S
PI 548410	20	8.72	1,118	S
PI 564849	1	8.61	1,625	S
PI 583288	5	12.61	1,532	S
PI 556834	3	5.72	698	S
PI 633567	40	30.94	7,253	S
PI 548428	10	10.39	849	S
PI 550732	10	9.72	1,611	S
PI 548549	5	3.61	686	S
PI 553044	3	5.11	1,357	S
PI 548541	5	2.50	305	S
PI 548439	5	9.67	1,306	S
PI 665035	7	10.28	1,799	S
PI 548441	5	17.89	3,292	S
PI 548429	10	12.50	2,072	S
PI 550734	10	30.67	4,107	S
PI 595765	0	5.11	431	S
PI 560307	20	9.83	1,085	S
PI 631122	10	3.11	316	S
PI 596540	0	7.17	881	S
PI 561400	0	4.44	620	S
PI 556506	1	1.44	175	S
PI 560206	5	7.50	771	S
PI 512039	1	16.17	1,474	S
PI 556852	1	2.17	323	S
PI 561576	10	2.39	456	S
PI 611112	10	10.39	1,430	S
PI 606748	1	2.89	392	S
PI 548309	50	8.78	1,125	S
PI 550731	5	1.44	476	S
PI 553049	25	7.06	3,159	S
PI 556697	15	9.67	1,330	S
PI 598222	1	9.06	1,269	S
PI 556711	1	1.06	132	S
PI 615582	0	7.50	1,071	S
PI 548517	5	3.17	519	S
PI 614808	5	14.17	3,512	S
PI 548622	5	6.61	1,349	S
PI 614806	5	8.50	1,244	S
PI 548586	15	4.06	503	S
PI 556851	10	5.94	529	S
PI 548669	27	18.24	3,017	S
PI 548301	3	3.55	269	S
PI 548606	10	3.89	637	S
PI 553038	5	23.11	4,561	S
PI 548330	30	22.78	2,680	S
PI 550733	5	6.56	1,009	S
PI 612608	15	3.50	477	S
PI 572240	2	2.83	379	S
PI 548514	30	9.11	952	S
PI 548685	5	1.39	105	S
PI 564082	5	2.67	303	S
PI 572239	25	4.22	370	S
PI 548359	10	40.22	4,588	S
PI 561578	30	4.44	460	S
PI 602496	10	6.44	770	S
PI 543856	1	3.61	1,354	S
PI 548976	20	8.78	823	S
PI 596414	60	5.89	448	S
PI 586981	1	2.28	304	S
PI 525454	0	0.78	121	R
PI 548538	10	3.00	209	S
PI 562611 (Control)	0	11.89	1,690	S
PI 527702 (Control)	10	8.33	812	S
PI 629013 (Control)	0	5.33	590	S
Tomato	30	4.24	1,487	S

[i] ^dLines from round 4 that either died or did not germinate include: PI 636463, PI 564525, PI 556841, PI 553043, PI 527701, and PI 583366.

Table 5

Response of soybean lines to infection by Meloidogyne enterolobii in a confirmation screening greenhouse experiment. ^eAll soybean lines, including the susceptible controls, and the positive inoculation controls, tomato, had ten replicates (n = 10). Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii and evaluated at 60 days post inoculation. The table includes the root galling severity as a percentage, eggs/g root tissue (Eggs g⁻¹ of root), and RF for each line tested. Values in the table are the average of ten replicates. Lines were scored as susceptible (S, RF > 1) or resistant (R, RF < 1)

Soybean line	Root gall severity (0–100%)	RF	Eggs g⁻¹ of root	Susceptible or resistant
PI 548682	11 abc	0.85 ab	108 ab	S
PI 639740	8 abc	0.79 ab	115 ab	R
PI 619232	36 abd	1.81 abcd	215 abcde	S
PI 559931	7 ac	1.18 abc	216 abcd	S
PI 548392	45 bd	8.14 cd	1,339 cde	S
PI 559934	23 abcd	1.13 abc	170 abd	S
PI 595626	35 abd	3.39 bcd	492 bcde	S
PI 548466	6 ac	1.84 abcd	598 abcde	S
PI 561576	27 abcd	2.16 abcd	321 abcde	S
PI 548555	4 c	0.62 a	82 a	R
PI 556852	5 ac	0.78 ab	126 ab	R
PI 548559	40 abd	2.23 abcd	497 abcde	S
PI 548330 (Control)	46 bd	7.85 cd	1,682 ce	S
PI 548386 (Control)	10 abc	4.55 bcd	1,862 e	S
PI 527702 (Control)	55 abcd	1.56 abcd	186 abcde	S
PI 562611 (Control)	31 abd	1.86 abcd	208 abcd	S
Tomato	71 d	11.45 d	3,177 e	S

[i] ^eLines from confirmation screening that either died or did not germinate include: PI 548466, PI 561576, PI 548555, PI 556852, PI 548559, PI 548330, PI 548386, and PI 527702 (Control).

(a) Resistant *Glycine max*, PI 639740, inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Small, infrequent galls and nitrogen-fixing nodules are present. (b) Susceptible tomato (“Rutgers”) root system inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Large galls and nitrogen-fixing nodules are present. (c) Susceptible soybean control, PI 527702, root system inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Large galls and nitrogen-fixing nodules are present. All images are root systems photographed at 60 days post inoculation.

(a) Resistant *Glycine max*, PI 548555, inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Very small galls and nitrogen-fixing nodules are present. (b) Susceptible tomato (“Rutgers”) root system inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Large galls are present. (c) Resistant *Glycine max*, PI 556852, inoculated with *Meloidogyne enterolobii*. Very small galls and nitrogen-fixing nodules are present. All images are root systems photographed at 60 days post inoculation.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2026-0018 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 220 - 233

Submitted on: May 15, 2026

Accepted on: Jun 8, 2026

Published on: Jul 17, 2026

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Bioassay,

Genome-wide association study,

Guava root-knot nematode,

Related subjects:

© 2026 Sarah Cates, Jay Gillenwater, Earl Taliercio, LeAnn Lux, Adrienne M. Gorny, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 58 (2026): Issue 1 (February 2026)

Evaluation of Glycine max genotypes (maturity groups IV and V) for resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii via phenotypic and GWAS assays

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Figure 1

Figure 2

Paradigm

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