Figure 1:
Mortality (%±SEM) of fifth instars of C_ includens caused by S_ carpocapsae (all strain) with adjuvants 72 hr post-application under greenhouse conditions_
| Trial | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C)a | 20 (17–30) | 18 (13–27) | 19 (15–28) | 15 (12–29) |
| RH (%)a | 84 (79–99) | 66 (55–84) | 71 (67–99) | 71 (48–85) |
| Plant stage | Beginning pod | Poding | Poding | Poding |
| High (cm) | 31.2 | 38.1 | 38.1 | 39.4 |
| Sc + X + Tb | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 86.7 ± 3.3 a | 96.7 ± 3.3 a | 100.0 ± 0.0 a |
| Sc + B | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 46.7 ± 6.7 b | 96.7 ± 3.3 a | 73.3 ± 8.8 b |
| Sc | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 40.0 ± 5.8 b | 96.7 ± 3.3 a | 56.7 ± 12.0 b |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 c | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.0 ± 0.0 c |
| F-value (3, 8) | 19.71 | 62.07 | 61.16 | |
| P-value | 0.0005 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
The effect of Barricade optimization on mortality (%±SEM) of C_ includens fifth instars caused by S_ carpocapsae (All strain) 72 hr post-application under greenhouse conditions_
| Trial | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C)a | 20 (13–22) | 18 (16–36) | 20 (19–40) |
| RH (%)a | 54 (53–88) | 47 (16–78) | 53 (25–84) |
| Plant stage | Fifth trifoliolate | Sixth trifoliolate | Seventh trifoliolate |
| High (cm) | 33 | 36 | 46 |
| Sc + 1.0%B + Tb | 90.0 ± 5.8 a | 40.0 ± 5.8 a | 26.7 ± 3.3 a |
| Sc + 0.3%B + T | 83.3 ± 6.7 ab | 36.7 ± 6.7 a | 44.1 ± 18.1 a |
| Sc + 1.0%B | 56.7 ± 3.3 bc | 10.0 ± 0.0 b | 10.8 ± 0.8 ab |
| Sc + 0.3%B | 36.7 ± 6.7 c | 6.7 ± 3.3 bc | 13.7 ± 8.8 ab |
| Sc | 63.3 ± 3.3 bc | 17.8 ± 3.4 ab | 20.0 ± 0.0 ab |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 d | 0.0 ± 0.0 c | 0.0 ± 0.0 b |
| F-value (5, 12) | 38.60 | 18.73 | 5.43 |
| P-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0077 |
Mortality (%±SEM) of fifth instars of C_ includens following 1 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, or 24 hr of exposure to S_ carpocapsae (all strain) with adjuvants, assessed at 24 hr and 72 hr post-application under laboratory conditions (25°C, 85% RH)_
| Exposure (hr) | Treatment | 24 hr mortality | 72 hr mortality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sc + X + Ta | 48.3 ± 9.8 A, a | 88.3 ± 3.1 A, b |
| Sc + B | 26.7 ± 6.7 AB, b | 73.3 ± 8.8 AB, b | |
| Sc | 8.3 ± 1.7 BC, a | 53.3 ± 6.1 B, b | |
| Water + X + T | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 1.7 ± 1.7 C, a | |
| Water + B | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | |
| 4 | Sc + X + T | 53.3 ± 11.7 A, a | 100.0 ± 0.0 A, a |
| Sc + B | 56.7 ± 3.3 A, a | 93.3 ± 2.1 A, ab | |
| Sc | 5.0 ± 2.2 B, a | 68.3 ± 8.7 B, b | |
| Water + X + T | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | |
| Water + B | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 1.7 ± 1.7 C, a | |
| 8 | Sc + X + T | 56.7 ± 14.3 A, a | 100.0 ± 0.0 A, a |
| Sc + B | 56.7 ± 5.6 A. a | 96.7 ± 2.1 A, ab | |
| Sc | 3.3 ± 2.1 B, a | 76.7 ± 7.1 B, b | |
| Water + X + T | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 1.7 ± 1.7 C, a | |
| Water + B | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 1.7 ± 1.7 C, a | |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | |
| 24 | Sc + X + T | 80.0 ± 11.3 A, a | 100.0 a ± 0.0 A, a |
| Sc + B | 71.7 ± 8.3 A, a | 98.3 a ± 1.7 A, a | |
| Sc | 26.7 ± 9.9 B, a | 96.7 a ± 2.1 A, a | |
| Water + X + T | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | |
| Water + B | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | |
| Water | 0.0 ± 0.0 C, a | 0.0 ± 0.0 B, a | |