Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) – a New Nematode Species Parasitizing Baltic Plants in Poland

Journal of Nematology

Volume 57 (2025): Issue 1 (February 2025)

By:

G. Winiszewska, R. Dobosz, F. Kornobis, M. Sobczak, A. Tereba, A.T. Skwiercz and K. Rybarczyk-Mydłowska

Open Access

|Jul 2025

Figures & Tables

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Female: A, B: Anterior end: A: holotype, B: Rewa population. C: Vulval region, holotype. D: posterior genital branch, paratype. E, F: Spermatheca, paratypes: E: empty, F: filled with sperm. G: Posterior part of body, holotype. H - J: Distal part of tail: H: holotype, I: paratype, J: Rewa population. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. Male, paratype : A: Anterior part of body. B, C: Anterior end. D: Posterior part of body. E: Distal part of tail. F: Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Light micrographs Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. A - J. Female. K - S. Male. A: Anterior part of body, holotype. B: Posterior part of body, holotype. C - E: Anterior end, paratypes. F, G: Vulval region: F: holotype, G: paratype. H - J: Distal part of tail, paratypes. K: Lateral field. L: Posterior part of body. M - O: Anterior part of body. P, Q. Male copulatory apparatus. R, S. Distal part of tail. Scale bar = 10 μm.

28S rDNA-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequence is indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

mtCOI-based Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Hirschmanniella and the most closely related genera. The new H. maritima n. sp. sequences are indicated in bold. Numbers near nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Micrographs of P. perfoliatus roots infected with H. maritima n. sp. Light (A, B, and E) and transmission electron (C, D, and F) microscopy images. A: Cross section of uninfected root. B: Cross section of infected root with nematode in outer cortex. C: Broken cell walls next to nematode. D: Plant cell protoplast debris next to nematode. F: Nematodes next to degraded inner cortex cells. E: Fungal hyphae in inner cortex of root. Abbreviations: C, cortex; CW, cell wall; E, exodermis; H, hypha; N, nematode; PD, protoplast debris; VC, vascular cylinder. Arrows point to broken cell walls (C); arrowheads point to hyphae (E); asterisks indicate intercellular spaces (A, B, E, and F). Scale bars: = 50 μm (A, B, and E) and = 5 μm (C, D, and F).

Morphometric characteristics of females and males of Hirschmanniella maritima n_ sp_ Measurements are provided in μm and in the form of mean ± standard deviation, with the range given in parentheses and the coefficient of variation (CV) in italics after the parentheses_ All abbreviations are used according to Brzeski (1998)_

Character	Gdańsk			Rewa		Władysławowo		All populations

	Holotype female	Paratype females	Paratype males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males
n	1	14	12	20	22	6	8	41	42
L	3009	2355 ± 266.4 (1893–2708) 11.3	2122 ± 198.3 (1787–2441) 9.3	2688 ± 228.2 (2218–3010) 8.5	2619 ± 205.8 (2065–3085) 7.9	2531 ± 201.6 (2146–2682) 8.0	2248 ± 93.3 (2100–2356) 4.2	2559 ± 284.3 (1893–3010) 11.1	2406 ± 294.1 (1787–3085) 12.2
a	62	67.0 ± 7.2 (59.2–81.8) 10.8	64.5 ± 5.2 (57.3–75.3) 8.1	68.6 ± 5.6 (59.5–79.7) 8.2	69.7 ± 6.6 (55.3–81.2) 9.5	64.5 ± 3.5 (60.4–70.0) 5.4	62.6 ± 4.3 (58.2–69.8) 6.9	67.3 ± 6.0 (59.2–81.8) 8.9	66.9 ± 6.5 (55.3–81.2) 9.8
b	18.9	15.6 ± 1.4 (13.1–17.8) 8.7	13.8 ± 1.0 (11.6–15.4) 7.5	17.1 ± 1.5 (14.5–19.7) 9.0	17.2 ± 1.0 (14.9–18.8) 5.8	15.9 ± 1.0 (15.0–17.4) 6.4	14.2 ± 0.7 (13.2–15.2) 4.9	16.4 ± 1.6 (13.1–19.7) 9.6	15.7 ± 1.9 (11.6–18.8) 12.0
b’	6.8	5.6 ± 0.6 (4.8–6.5) 11.2	4.9 ± 0.3 (4.5–5.7) 7.0	7.9 ± 0.8 (6.1–9.2) 10.5	5.7 ± 0.8 (4.5–7.0) 13.5	5.5 ± 0.4 (5.0–5.9) 7.9	5.3 ± 0.6 (4.5–6.3) 11.4	6.7 ± 1.3 (4.8–9.2) 20.0	5.3 ± 0.6 (4.5–7.0) 12.3
c	14.6	15.1 ± 2.0 (12.6–17.8) 13.2	15.5 ± 1.2 (13.7–17.9) 7.7	14.5 ± 1.2 (12.8–17.4) 8.1	17.6 ± 1.5 (14.2–20.6) 8.7	14.0 ± 0.5 (13.4–14.8) 3.9	15.3 ± 1.5 (13.5–17.4) 9.5	14.6 ± 1.5 (12.6–17.8) 9.9	16.6 ± 1.8 (13.5–20.6) 10.6
c’	6.6	5.8 ± 05 (5.1–6.5) 8.2	6.0 ± 0.4 (5.4–6.7) 7.0	6.7 ± 0.7 (5.2–8.1) 11.0	6.1 ± 0.7 (4.7–7.7) 11.2	6.6 ± 0.6 (6.2–7.7) 8.8	5.9 ± 0.6 (4.7–6.6) 10.6	6.4 ± 0.7 (5.1–8.1) 11.7	6.0 ± 0.6 (4.7–7.7) 10.0
V	46.8	52.8 ± 1.7 (50.0–55.4) 3.3	-	49.8 ± 1.9 (46.8–53.7) 3.9	-	52.2 ± 1.7 (49.3–53.5) 3.2	-	51.1 ± 2.3 (46.8–55.4) 4.6	-
G₁	19.2	24.0 ± 2.8 (18.8–28.9) 11.8	-	22.3 ± 4.8 (14.7–29.8) 21.4	-	32.3 ± 3.4 (27.8–36.8) 10.4	-	24.9 ± 5.2 (14.7–36.8) 20.8	-
G₂	16.8	23.8 ± 2.6 (18.8–28.8) 10.9	-	22.7 ± 5.1 (14.7–28.5) 22.4	-	30.7 ± 2.9 (26.1–34.2) 9.4	-	24.6 ±4.8 (14.7–34.2) 19.3	-
T	-	-	44.3 ± 2.8 (38.9–48.0) 6.4	-	39.7 ± 4.5 (29.2–51.2) 11.3	-	44.9 ± 3.1 (40.4–49.5) 7.0	-	42.2 ± 4.4 (29.2–51.2) 10.5
Lip region diameter	13.2	10.5 ± 0.6 (9.6–11.5) 5.8	10.3 ± 0.6 (9.7–11.8) 5.5	10.5 ± 0.5 (9.5–11.8) 5.0	10.3 ± 0.4 (9.5–10.8) 3.5	10.9 ± 0.7 (9.6–11.6) 6.3	10.2 ± 0.6 (9.2–11.1) 5.7	10.6 ± 0.7 (9.5–13.2) 6.6	10.3 ± 0.5 (9.2–11.8) 4.5
Lip region height	5.7	4.6 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.2) 9.6	4.7 ± 0.6 (3.9–5.9) 12.0	4.5 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.2) 9.3	4.0 ± 0.4 (3.4–4.9) 9.3	4.7 ± 0.2 (4.5–5.1) 5.1	4.7 ± 0.3 (4.4–5.2) 5.6	4.6 ± 0.4 (3.8–5.7) 9.5	4.4 ± 0.5 (3.4–5.9) 12.5
Lip annules number	5	5.3± 0.5(5–6) 8.9	5.2±0.4 (5–6) 7.5	4.8±0.4 (4–5) 8.7	4.7±0.5 (4–5) 9.6	5.2±0.4 (5–6) 7.9	5.4± 0.5(5–6) 9.6	5.1 ± 0.5 (4–6) 10.0	5.0 ± 0.5 (4–6) 10.4
Stylet length	23.2	21.3 ± 1.8 (19.3–24.5) 8.6	20.9 ± 1.3 (19.4–23.4) 6.2	21.5 ± 0.9 (20.0–23.4) 4.3	21.3 ± 0.6 (20.4–22.8) 2.8	21.6 ± 0.4 (20.9–22.1) 1.9	21.5 ± 1.0 (20.2–23.3) 4.5	21.5 ± 1.3 (19.3–24.5) 5.8	21.2 ± 0.9 (19.4–23.4) 4.3
Conus length	10.8	10.6 ± 0.9 (9.4–12.1) 8.4	10.4 ± 0.8 (9.2–12.0) 8.1	11.0 ± 1.0 (10.0–12.9) 8.7	10.9 ± 0.6 (9.8–11.8) 5.7	10.7 ± 0.2 (10.4–11.0) 1.9	10.6 ± 0.6 (9.4–11.2) 6.0	10.8 ± 0.8 (9.4–12.9) 7.9	10.7 ± 0.7 (9.2–12.0) 6,6
Shaft length	9.5	8.3 ± 0.8 (7.0–9.7) 9.6	7.9 ± 0.5 (7.3–8.8) 6.6	7.8 ± 0.9 (6.7–10.4) 11.2	10.4 ± 0.7 (9.0–12.0) 6.4	8.1 ± 0.3 (7.6–8.4) 3.7	8.3 ± 0.4 (7.7–9.2) 5.2	8.0 ± 0.8 (6.7–10.4) 10.3	9.3 ± 1.3 (7.3–12.0) 14.5
Stylet knob height	2.9	2.5 ± 0.3 (2.1–3.1) 13.5	2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2–3.0) 8.5	2.9 ± 0.4 (2.3–3.8) 13.0	2.8 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.5) 11.3	2.8 ± 0.2 (2.7–3.1) 5.8	2.6 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.0) 10.5	2.8 ± 0.4 (2.1–3.8) 13.9	2.7 ± 0.3 (2.2–3.5) 11.1
Stylet knob width	5.8	5.0 ± 0.5 (4.1–5.9) 10.6	4.8 ± 0.3 (4.4–5.3) 5.7	4.8 ± 0.6 (3.6–5.8) 12.2	4.5 ± 0.3 (4.0–5.2) 7.1	5.1 ± 0.3 (4.7–5.5) 6.3	4.6 ± 0.2 (4.3–5.0) 5.0	4.9 ± 0.5 (3.6–5.9) 11.0	4.6 ± 0.3 (4.0–5.3) 6.9
Anterior end to median bulb valve distance	108.8	102.9 ± 6.1 (94.1–115.0) 6.0	103.1 ± 5.6 (95–111) 5.4	108.5 ± 4.8 (102.1–119.0) 4.4	111.2 ± 5.0 (102.1–120.3) 4.5	108.8 ± 3.7 (104.4–112.5) 3.4	108.5 ± 3.3 (103–112) 3.0	106.5 ± 5.7 (94.1–119) 5.4	108.3 ± 6.0 (95.0–120.3) 5.5
Anterior end to pharyngo-intestinal junction (PIJ) distance	159	151.1 ± 12.9 (132–172) 8.5	153.8 ± 8.4 (136–165) 5.5	157.8 ± 8.4 (135–170) 5.3	152.4 ± 8.6 (138–173) 5.6	159.3 ± 12.5 (143–177) 7.8	157.9 ± 4.6 (151–167) 2.9	155.8 ± 10.9 (132–177) 7.0	153.8 ± 8.0 (136–172.5) 5.2
Pharyngeal overlap length	286	273.6 ± 40.1 (228–377) 14.6	277.1 ± 39.1 (226–357) 14.1	185.7 ± 31.4 (159–284) 16.9	304.9 ± 65.8 (215–423) 21.6	302.5 ± 36.3 (259–359) 12.0	270.3 ± 53.1 (203–324) 19.7	238.2 ± 60.5 (159–377) 25.4	283.8 ± 52.5 (203–422.7) 18.5
Anterior end to nerve ring distance	143.6	134 ± 10.4 (120–155) 7.8	130.0 ± 8.3 (116–145) 6.4	136.5 ± 6.1 (126–143) 4.5	141.9 ± 6.2 (133–149) 4.4	139.3 ± 8.2 (127–147) 5.9	136.3 ± 4.7 (128–141) 3.5	136.5 ± 8.5 (120–155) 6.2	135.1 ± 8.3 (116–149) 6.2
Anterior end to excretory pore (EP) distance	180.8	167.8 ± 12.8 (144–186) 7.6	170.0 ± 9.4 (154–184) 5.5	174.8 ± 9.3 (155–190) 5.3	176.7 ± 11.7 (159–197) 6.6	181.8 ± 11.1 (163–196) 6.1	182.1 ± 8.5 (174–200) 4.6	173.4 ± 11.8 (144–196) 6.8	175.8 ± 11.1 (154–200) 6.3
EP to PIJ distance	21.8	16.7 ± 7.1 (4–25) 42.4	16.3 ± 4.4 (7–22) 27.0	16.3 ± 6.9 (3.0–30.0) 42.2	24.3 ± 10.0 (6.8–46.1) 41.4	22.9 ± 3.6 (19.5–28.9) 15.9	22.9 ± 5.0 (16.8–30.9) 22.1	17.7 ± 6.8 (3–30) 38.2	21.7 ± 8.6 (6.8–46.1) 39.5
Max. body diameter	48.5	35.2 ± 2.7 (31.3–40) 7.8	33.0 ± 2.4 (29.5–38.2) 7.3	39.3 ± 3.2 (34.0–45.2) 8.2	37.8 ± 3.3 (31.7–43.8) 8.7	39.4 ±4.5 (32.6–44.4) 11.5	36.1 ± 2.9 (32.2–40.5) 8.2	38.1 ± 4.1 (31.3–48.5) 10.7	36.1 ± 3.6 (29.5–43.8) 10.0
Female anterior genital branch length	578	564.3 ± 91.6 (418–729) 16.2	-	604.4 ± 105.8 (414–764) 17.5	-	814.0 ± 74.1 (709–939) 9.1	-	626.0 ± 130.3 (414–939) 20.8	-
Female posterior genital branch length	505	560.9 ± 84.6(424–727) 15.1	-	619.9 ± 121.5 (413–761) 19.6	-	774.8 ± 82.6 (666–906) 10.7	-	619.5 ± 124.8 (413–906) 20.1	-
Anterior spermatheca length	54.7	45.6 ± 12.2 (32.5–74.0) 26.7	-	76.0 ± 4.4 (69.5–80.4) 5.8	-	54.3 ± 3.2 (51.2–58.8) 5.8	-	55.3 ± 15.1 (32.5–80.4) 27.2	-
Anterior spermatheca diameter	28.8	22.7 ± 5.0 (13.2–28.8) 22.1	-	34.1 ± 4.7 (26.9–38.3) 13.8	-	23.3 ± 3.2 (20–27) 13.6	-	25.9 ± 6.5 (13.2–38.3) 25.0	-
Posterior spermatheca length	47.1	43.9 ± 9.3 (32–59) 21.3	-	83.1 ± 3.7 (78.6–87.3) 4.5	-	55.0 ± 4.3 (47.7–59.2) 7.8	-	54.7 ± 16.8 (32.0–87.3) 30.7	-
Posterior spermatheca diameter	31.5	22.1 ±5.3 (11.8–27.8) 24.1	-	36.8 ± 3.3 (33.2–40.4) 8.9	-	24.3 ± 2.0 (22.1–26.7) 8.2	-	26.3 ± 7.2 (11.8–40.4) 27.3	-
Cloaca to most anterior part of testis distance	-	-	937.9 ± 94.3 (812–1103) 10.1	-	1042.7 ± 137.5 (798–1382) 13.2	-	1007.8 ± 69.8 (879–1074) 6.9	-	1002.2 ± 120.0 (798–1382) 12.0
Anal body diameter	31.3	27.1 ± 2.1 (24.5–30.4) 7.7	23.0 ± 2.2 (20.6–25.9) 9.5	27.8 ± 2.3 (24.0–31.8) 8.4	24.8 ± 2.3 (20.6–28.9) 9.2	27.6 ± 3.9 (20.9–31.7) 14.1	25.2 ± 1.6 (22.7–28.0) 6.2	27.6 ± 2.5 (20.9–31.8) 9.1	24.4 ± 2.3 (20.6–28.9) 9.3
Rectum/cloaca length	24.7	25.3± 2.6 (20.6–29.6) 10.3	33.5±2.9 (31.4–38.4) 8.8	24.5± 4.2 (19.4–35.0) 17.0	27.8±3.2 (24.0–35.0) 11.4	29.8±1.1 (28.5–31.3) 3.8	33.4±2.3 (31.5–36.0) 7.0	25.8 ± 3.7 (19.4–35.0) 14.2	30.6 ± 4.0 (24–38.4) 13.2
Spicule length	-	-	38.4 ± 1.1 (36.4–39.4) 2.9	-	38.5 ± 2.3 (34.0–43.2) 6.0	-	40.8 ± 1.8 (38.4–42.2) 4.4	-	38.7 ± 2.2 (34–43.2) 5.6
Gubernaculum length	-	-	13.1 ± 1.0 (12.0–14.5) 7.3	-	12.1 ± 1.0 (10.4–14.6) 8.4	-	12.1 ± 0.7 (11.4–12.7) 5.4	-	12.3 ± 1.0 (10.4–14.6) 8.3
Tail length	205.6	157 ± 9.0 (150–178) 5.7	136.8 ± 9.0 (120–150) 6.6	186.6 ± 18.3 (153–215) 9.8	149.8 ± 14.3 (115–178) 9.6	180.8 ± 13.0 (160–196) 7.2	147.5 ± 12.6 (126–159) 8.6	176.1 ± 20.3 (150–215) 11.6	145.6 ± 13.7 (115–177.5) 9.4

Description of Hirschmanniella maritima n_ sp_ populations isolated from Potamogeton perfoliatus L_ plants with GenBank accession numbers of sequences acquired from the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI)_

Locality and habitat	28S rDNA		mtCOI

	# individuals from which a sequence was acquired	corresponding GenBank number	# individuals from which a sequence was acquired	corresponding GenBank number
The Gulf of Gdańsk, Jelitkowo Gdańsk, from a 3-m depth, 17.09.2011. Collected with a fyke net set. Type population.	2^*	KC507798	1	PV031916
The Gulf of Gdańsk, Sopot, estuary of the Swelina River, from a 1-m depth, 1.07.2012. The plants were pulled out by hand.	4		-
The Puck Bay, Rewa, the Beka reserve. Plants were washed ashore after an autumn storm. 28.10.2009.	24^**		11	PV031913
			3	PV031914
			1	PV031915
The Puck Bay, Władysławowo, from a 3-m depth, 12.07.2012. Collected with a fyke net set.	2		-
Vistula Lagoon, Kąty Rybackie, from a 1-m depth, 28.06.2011. The plants were pulled out by hand.	-		1	PV031914

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0030 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Apr 14, 2025

Published on: Jul 5, 2025

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 times per year

Keywords:

cytochrome c oxidase subunit I,

diagnostics,

phylogenetic analysis,

Related subjects:

© 2025 G. Winiszewska, R. Dobosz, F. Kornobis, M. Sobczak, A. Tereba, A.T. Skwiercz, K. Rybarczyk-Mydłowska, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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Hirschmanniella maritima n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) – a New Nematode Species Parasitizing Baltic Plants in Poland

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Description of Hirschmanniella maritima n_ sp_ populations isolated from Potamogeton perfoliatus L_ plants with GenBank accession numbers of sequences acquired from the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI)_

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