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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Fungal-feeding Stem Nematode Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Intercepted Samples Cover

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Fungal-feeding Stem Nematode Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Intercepted Samples

Open Access
|Feb 2025

Figures & Tables

Table 1:

Morphometrics of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp.

Character/rationFemaleMale
HolotypeParatypesParatypes
n-2015
L745.58 a728 ± 61.3 (612–846)641 ± 61.7 (511–720)
a40.8540.4 ± 2.3 (34.5–43.4)41.3 ± 3.1 (34.5–47.1)
b6.836.4 ± 0.7 (5.4–8.5)5.6 ± 0.4 (4.7–6.2)
c10.8211.1 ± 0.7 (9.9–12.7)10.6 ± 0.9 (9.1–12.0)
c’5.285.5 ± 0.6 (4.5–6.8)5.7 ± 0.6 (4.7–6.5)
V or T (%)82.5780.0 ± 1.8 (75.5–82.6)37.3 ± 3.0 (34.0–43.1)
Lip region height2.222.3 ± 0.1 (2.0–2.7)1.9 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.2)
Lip region diam.5.835.8 ± 0.3 (5.4–6.4)5.1 ± 0.3 (4.5–5.6)
Stylet length8.148.0 ± 0.3 (7.4–8.4)7.6 ± 0.3 (7.1–8.2)
Conus length2.952.6 ± 0.3 (2.1–3.0)2.6 ± 0.3 (2.2–3.1)
m36.2432.9 ± 3.4 (26.7–38.1)34.0 ± 3.7 (28.8–39.6)
Body diam.18.2518.1 ± 2.5 (14.1–24.3)15.6 ± 1.8 (12.7–19.4)
Nerve ring from anterior72.773.6 ± 5.6 (62.9–85.0)69.8 ± 3.1 (65.5–75.7)
Excretory pore form anterior83.6794.3 ± 5.0 (83.7–108.2)88.9 ± 6.0 (71.9–98.7)
Esophagus length109.17113.6 ± 8.3 (91.0–127.6)114.4 ± 4.1 (107.0–119.3)
Vulva to anus distance (VA)80.579.1 ± 7.5 (66.7–90.3)-
Post vulval uterine sac40.7636.5 ± 7.4 (21.8–51.6)-
PUS/VA (%)50.6346.0 ± 7.6 (32.7–69.4)-
Ovary or testis length266.18254.6 ± 22.6 (217.7–303.6)238.8 ± 24.1 (190.3–287.8)
Anal (cloacal) body diam.13.0512.0 ± 2.0 (9.6–16.8)10.8 ± 1.2 (9.0–12.9)
Tail length68.9265.5 ± 5.4 (58.2–76.9)60.8 ± 4.3 (49.9–68.0)
Spicule length (arc line)--15.4 ± 0.6 (14.7–16.7)
Gubernaculum length--5.3 ± 0.4 (4.4–6.0)

a All measurements were in μm and in the form of: mean ± standard deviation (range).

Figure 1:

The line drawing of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C: Female esophageal region; D: Lateral field at mid-body; E: Female posterior body region; F: Male posterior region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. A: Female entire body; B: Male entire body; C, D: Female anterior body region; E: Spermatheca; F Lateral field at mid-body; G: Vulval region and post-vulval uterine sac; H: Female tail region; I: Male tail region. (Scale bars = 20 μm).

Figure 3:

Bayesian tree generated from the D2D3 of 28S rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. Newly obtained sequence in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).

Figure 4:

Bayesian tree generated from the ITS rRNA gene dataset of Anguinid nematodes with the GTR + I + G model. The newly obtained sequence is in bold letters (Scale bar = expected changes per site).

Table 2:

The average reproduction factor value of Ditylenchoides agaricivorus n. sp. recovered from fungal cultures, alfalfa seedlings, and callused carrot disks.

CultureJuvenile individualsAdult individualsReproduction factor
Callused carrot disk0 a00
Alfalfa000
Rhizoctonia solani89.33 ± 31143.56 ± 1511.64 ± 2
Lentinula edodes00.78 ± 10.04 ± 0
Pleurotus eryngii00.56 ± 10.03 ± 0
Volvariella volvacea01.89 ± 10.09 ± 0
Agaricus bisporus13.22 ± 1235.22 ± 112.42 ± 1
Agaricus bitorquis01.89 ± 10.09 ± 0

a All numbers were in the form of mean ± standard deviation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 4, 2024
Published on: Feb 27, 2025
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Che-Chang Liang, Pei-Chen Chen, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.