Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq Cover

Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq

Open Access
|Feb 2025

References

  1. Abbas, M., Gehan, M. N., Salwa, S. and Amira, A. N. 2016. Infectivity of the entomopathogenic nematodes as bio-control agents to Spodoptera littoralis, Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera zonata. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 26: 609–613.
  2. Afia, Y. E. 2007. Comparative studies on the biology and ecology of the two fruit flies in Egypt, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Cairo University, Egypt.
  3. Akhurst, R. J. and Bedding, R. 1975. A simple technique for the detection of insect paristic rhabditid nematodes in soil. Nematologica 21:109–110. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529275X00419
  4. Al-Eryan, M., El-Minshawy, A. and Awad, A. 2018. Suppression program of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocerazonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) depend on male annihilation and bait application techniques in Northern Coast of Egypt. Acta Scientific Agriculture 2:92–98.
  5. Al-Zaidawi, J. B, Karimi, J. and Mahdikhani Moghadam, E. 2019. Molecular characterizations of the entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Oscheius myriophilus from Iraq. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-019-0136-6
  6. Al-Zaidawi, J., Karimi, J. and Moghadam, E. 2020. Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Potential Biological Control Agents of Subterranean Termite, Microcerotermes diversus (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Iraq. Environmental Entomology 49:2, 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa014
  7. Andrássy, I. 1976. Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. Pitman Publishing, London: 288.
  8. Azizoglu, U., Karabörklü, S., Ayvaz, A. and Yilmaz, S. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of insect-associated free-living rhabditid nematodes from eastern mediterranean region of Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 14:93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1403_093103
  9. Baquiran, J.P., Thater, B., Sedky, S., De Ley, P., Crowley, D. and Orwin, P.M. 2013. Culture–independent investigation of the microbiome associated with the nematode Acrobeloides maximus. PLoS ONE 8: e67425. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067425
  10. Cabanillas, H. E., Poinar Jr, G. O. and Raulston, J. R. 1994. Steinernema riobravis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Texas. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 17(2):123–131.
  11. Castro-Ortega, I. R., Caspeta-Mandujano, J. M., Suárez-Rodríguez, R., Peña-Chora, G., Ramírez-Trujillo, J. A., Cruz-Pérez, K., Sosa, I. A. and Hernández–Velázquez1, V. M. 2020. Oscheius myriophilus (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated in sugar cane soils in Mexico with potential to be used as entomopathogenic nematode. Journal of Nematology 52:1–8. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-073
  12. Cobb, N. A. 1924. North American free-living freshwater nematodes. III. The Mononchidae. Contributions to a Science of Nematology 1:117–128.
  13. Dashavant, A., Patil, R. and Gupta, A. 2018. Percent parasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata speciescomplex (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) from North Karnataka. Journal of Experimental Zoology 21:1135–1138.
  14. Delrio, G. and Cocco, A. 2012. Tephritidae (Chapter 15). Pp. 206–222 in V. Vacante, and U. Gerson, eds. Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region. Bentham Science Publishers.
  15. de Man, J. G. 1880. Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen Erde und im süssen Wasser lebenden Nematoden [The native nematodes living freely in the pure earth and fresh water]. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging 5:1–104.
  16. Dillman, A. R., Chaston, J. M., Adams, B. J., Ciche, T. A., Goodrich-Blair, H., Stock, S. P., and Sternberg, P. W. 2012. An entomopathogenic nematode by any other name. PLOS Pathogens 8:e1002527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002527
  17. EFSA, Baker, R., Gilioli, G., Behring, C., Candiani, D., Gogin, A., Kaluski, T., Kinkar, M., Mosbach-Schulz, O., Neri, F. M., Preti, S., Rosace, M. C, Siligato, R., Stancanelli G., and Tramontini, S. 2019. Bactrocera zonata – pest report and Datasheet to support ranking of EU candidate priority pests. EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Bactrocera zonata Pest Report EN-1642, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2787208
  18. Egartner, A., Egartner, S., Höller, C., and Schachermayr, G. 2019. First record of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Austria. EPPO Bulletin 49(2):297–300.
  19. El-Heneidy, A., Hosny, M. and Ramadan, M. 2016. Adaptation and first field release of Aganaspis daci (Weld), a larval parasitoid of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saund.), in Egypt. Pp. 395–400 in Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 12–16 May 2014, Bangkok, Thailand. International Fruit Fly Steering Committee.
  20. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization), 2005. Data sheets on quarantine pests: Bactrocera zonata. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO 35:371–373.
  21. EPPO, 2022. EPPO Global Database (available online). https://gd.eppo.int
  22. Erdoğan, H., Ünal, H. and Lewis, E. E. 2021. Entomopathogenic nematode dispensing robot: Nemabot. Expert Systems with Applications 172:114661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114661
  23. Erdoğan, H., Ünal, H., Susurluk, İ. A. and Lewis, E. E. 2023. Precision application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a biological control agent through the Nemabot. Crop Protection 174:106429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106429
  24. Erdoğan, H. and Ulu, T. C. 2024. Evaluating a portable method and two irrigation drippers for field application of entomopathogenic nematodes. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34(1):138–150. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1389512
  25. Filipjev, I. N. 1934. Eine neue art der gattung Neoaplectana Steiner nebst bemerkungen über die systematische stellung der letzteren [A new species of the genus Neoaplectana Steiner along with remarks on the systematic position of the latter]. Magasin de parasitologie de l’Institut zoologique de l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS 1: 1–16.
  26. Foelkel, I. E., Bittencourt MonteiroI, L. and VossI, M. 2016. Virulence of nematodes against larvae of the south-American fruit fly in laboratory using soil from Porto Amazonas, Paraná, Brazil, as substrate. Ciência Rural 46(3):405–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150370
  27. Gaduaa, A. A. and Kareem, A. A. 2023. Molecular identification of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata and its symbionts in Karbala Province, Iraq. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1214:012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1214/1/012045
  28. Gaugler, R. and Boush, G. M. 1978. Effects of ultraviolet radiation and sunlight on the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 32(3): 291–296.
  29. Gholami Ghavamabad, R., Talebi, A. A., Mehrabadi, M., Farashiani, M. E. and Pedram, M. 2021a. First record of Oscheius myriophilus (Poinar, 1986) (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) from Iran; and its efficacy against two economic forest trees pests, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in laboratory condition. Journal of Nematology 53. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-035
  30. Gholami Ghavamabad, R., Talebi, A. A., Mehrabadi, M., Farashiani, M. E. and Pedram, M. 2021b. First report of Steinernema borjomiense Gorgadze et al., 2018 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Iran and its efficacy against two exotic invasive forest pests in laboratory condition. Russian Journal of Nematology 29 (2):127–141. https://doi.org/10.24412/0869-6918-2021-2-127-141
  31. Gholami Ghavamabad, R., Talebi, A.A., Pedram, M., Farashiani, M. E. and Mehrabadi, M. 2024. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Cydalima perspectalis and Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera), two invasive forest pests in Iran. International Journal of Pest Management (published online) https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2024.2372312
  32. Glazer, I. 1992. Survival and efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae in an exposed environment. Biocontrol Science and Technology 2(2): 101–107.
  33. Gul, H. T., Freed, S., Akmal, M. and Malik, M. N. 2015. Vulnerability of different life stages of Bactrocera zonata (Tephritidae: Diptera) against entomogenous fungi. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47: 307–317.
  34. Grewal, P. S., Grewal, S. K., Tan, L. and Adams, B. J. 2003. Parasitism of molluscs by nematodes: Types of associations and evolutionary trends. Journal of Nematology 35: 46–56.
  35. Heikal, N. H., Rady, M. H., Merdan, B. A., El-Abbassi, T. S., El-Genaidy, M. A., Azazy, A. M., Yones, M. S. and Essa, E. E. 2024. Early detection of Bactrocera zonata infestation in peach fruit using remote sensing technique and application of nematodes for its control, Kuwait Journal of Science 51(2):100191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100191
  36. Hosni, M. E., El-Husseini, M., El-Heneidy, A. and Atallah, F. A. 2011. Biological aspects of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoid species, Aganaspis daci Weld. (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 21:137–142.
  37. Ilyas, A., Khan, H. A. A. and Qadir, A. 2017. Effect of leaf extracts of some indigenous plants on settling and oviposition responses of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 49:1547–1553.
  38. Kaya, H. and Stock, S. 1997. Techniques in insect nematology. Pp. 281–324 in L. A. Lacey, eds. Manual of techniques in insect pathology. Academic Press, London.
  39. Khlaywi, S. A., Alrubeai, H. F., Kadhim, A. D., Abbas, A. F. and Hadi, S. A. 2017. Identification of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) in Iraq. Asian Journal of Science and Technology 8:4580–4582.
  40. Koppenhöfer, A. M. 2000. Nematodes. Pp. 283–301 in L.A. Lacey, and Kaya, H. K, eds. Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
  41. Kraglund, H. O. and Ekelund, F. 2002. Infestation of natural populations of earthworm cocoons by rhabditid and cephalobid nematodes. Pedobiologia 46:125–135. https://doi.org/10.1078/0031-4056-00119
  42. Lacey, L. A., Knight, A. and Huber, J. 2000. Microbial control of lepidopteran pests of apple orchards. Pp. 557–576 in L.A. Lacey, and Kaya, H. K, eds. Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology: application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  43. Lam, A.B.Q. and Webster, J.M. 1971. Morphology and biology of Panagrolaimus tipulae n. sp. (Panagrolaimidae) and Rhabditis (Rhabditella) tipulae n. sp. (Rhabditidae), from leatherjacket larvae, Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae). Nematologica 17:201–212. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529271X00044
  44. Langford, E. A., Nielsen, U. N., Johnson, S. N. and Riegler, M. 2014. Susceptibility of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control 69:34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.10.009
  45. Linnaeus, C. 1761. Fauna Svecica, sistens animalia sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii.
  46. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, vol 1. 10th edition.
  47. Loulou, A., M’saad Guerfali, M., Muller, A., Bhat, A. H., Abolafia, J., Machado, R. A. and Kallel, S. 2022. Potential of Oscheius tipulae nematodes as biological control agents against Ceratitis capitata. PloS one 17:e0269106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269106
  48. Liu, J. and Berry, R. E. (1996). Heterorhabditis marelatus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Oregon. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19(2):123–131.
  49. Mahmoud, M. F. and Shoeib, M. A. 2008. Sterilant and oviposition deterrent activity of neem formulation on Peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Biopesticides 1:177–181. https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.1.2.177-181
  50. Mahmoud, Y. A., Ebadah, I. M. A., Metwally, H. M. S. and Saleh, M. M. E. 2016. Controlling larvae, pupae and adults of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.) with the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 26(3):615–617.
  51. McGraw, B. and Schlossberg, M. J., 2017. Fine-scale spatial analysis of soil moisture and entomopathogenic nematode distribution following release in wetting agent-treated turf. Applied Soil Ecology 114(3):52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.02.016
  52. Momen, F., Nasr, A. EK., Metwally, A. EM., Mahmoud, Y. and Saleh, K. 2016. Performance of five species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Bactrocera zonata eggs (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a factitious food. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.51.2016.1.11
  53. Momen, F. M., Metwally, A. S., Nasr, A. K., Gesraha, M., Mahmoud, Y. A. and Saleh, K. H. M. 2018. Cosmolaelaps keni a polyphagous predatory mite on various insect and mite species (Acari: Laelapidae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 53:111–121. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.53.2018.002
  54. Mosleh, Y. Y., Moussa, S. F. M. and Mohamed, L. H. Y. 2011. Comparative toxicity of certain pesticides to Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata Saunders (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Science 47:5–120.
  55. Papadopoulos, N. T., Plant, R. E. and Carey, J. R. 2013. From trickle to flood: the large-scale, cryptic invasion of California by tropical fruit flies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280:20131466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1466
  56. Pervez, R., Eapen, S. J., Devasahayam, S. and Jacob, T. K. 2013. A new species of entomopathogenic nematode Oscheius gingeri sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from ginger rhizosphere. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46:526–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.745057
  57. Poinar Jr, G. O. 1976. Description and biology of a new insect parasitic rhabditoid, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora n. gen. n. sp. (Rhabditida; Heterorhabditidae n. fam.). Nematologica 21:463–470. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529275X00239
  58. Poinar Jr, G. O. 1986. Oscheius myriophilus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from the marshlands of Wisconsin, USA. Revue de Nématologie 9(3):251–256.
  59. Poinar Jr, G. O., Jackson, T. and Klein, M. (1987). Heterorhabditis megidis sp. n. (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) parasitic in the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera), in Ohio. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 54:53–59.
  60. Poinar Jr, G. O., Karunakar, G. K. and David, H. (1992). Heterorhabditis indicus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Nematoda) from India: Separation of Heterorhabditis spp. by infective juveniles. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15(5):467–472.
  61. Qi-Zhi, L., Mrácek, Z., Zhang, L. J., Půža, V. and Dong, L. M. 2012. Re-description of Oscheius chongmingensis (Zhang et al., 2008) (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) and its entomopathogenicity. Nematology 14:139–149. https://doi.org/10.1163/138855411X580777
  62. Saleh, M. M. E., Metwally, H. M. S. and Mahmoud, Y. A. 2018. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis marelatus, isolate in controlling the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tiphritidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 28:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0029-0
  63. Salari, E., Karimi, J., Fasihi Harandi, M. and Sadeghi-Nameghi, H. 2021. Comparative infectivity and biocontrol potential of Acrobeloides k29 and entomopathogenic nematodes on the leopard moth borer, Zeuzera pyrina. Biological Control 155:104526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104526
  64. Sallam, R. F., Shalaby, F. F., Hafez, A. A., Abdel-Hameid, N. F. and Shairra, S. A. 2024. Efficacy of different entomopathogenic nematode isolates, against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 34(12):2–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-024-00774-8
  65. Saunders, W. W. 1842. Descriptions of four new dipterous insects from Central and Northern India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3(1):59–81.
  66. Sayed, R. M. and Shairra, S. A. 2017. Enhancing the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes by gamma radiation in controlling Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 10(2):97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2016.12.005
  67. Sayed, R. M., Zahran, N. F. and Hamza, A. F. 2018. Evaluation of the synergistic effect of gamma irradiated Steinernema scapterisci and soil depth in controlling Bactrocera zonata Saunders (Diptera:Tephritidae). Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 11:18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.10.003
  68. Shapiro Ilan, D. I. and Lewis, E. E. 2024. Entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800620322.0000
  69. Siddiqi, M. R., De Ley, P. and Khan, W. U. 1992. Acrobeloides saeedi n. sp. (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from Pakistan. Revue de Nématologie 15(2):123–131.
  70. Slansky, F., Jr. and J. M. Scriber. 1985. Food consumption and utilization. Pp. 87–163 in G. A. Kerkut and L. I. Gilbert, eds. Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. New York: Pergamon Press.
  71. Soliman, N., Ibrahim, A., El-Deen, M., Ramadan, N. and Farag, S. 2014. Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi as biocontrol agents for the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Soil borne-stages. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 24:497–502.
  72. Steiner, G. 1929. Neoaplectana glaseri n. sp. (Oxyuridae), a new nemic parasite of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newm.). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 19:436–440.
  73. Taher, K. S. and Hassan, F. R. 2023. First record of the entomopathogenic nematode Oscheius tipulae (Lam and Webster, 1971) in Iraq. Journal of Duhok University 26(1):23–29. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2023.26.1.3
  74. Thorne, G. 1925. The genus Acrobeles von Linstow, 1877. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 44: 171–209.
  75. Toledo, J., Morán-Aceves, B. M., Ibarra, J. E. and Liedo, P. 2023. Can entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria suppress fruit fly pests? A review. Microorganisms 11(7):1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071682
  76. Travassos, L. 1927. Sobre o genero Oxysomatium. Boletim Biologico, São Paulo 5: 20–21.
  77. Ulu, T. C. and Erdoğan, H. 2023. Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter. Biological Control, 182:105240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105240
  78. Usman, M., Wakil, W. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. 2021. Entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agent against Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biological Control 163: 104706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104706
  79. Wakil, W., Usman, M., Piñero, J. C., Wu, Sh., Toews, M. D. and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. 2022. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi against fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): laboratory cups to field study. Pest Management Science 78(7):2779–2791. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6899
  80. Weiser, J. 1955. Neoaplectana carpocapsae n. sp. (Anguillulata: Steinernematidae), novy cizopasnik housenek obalece jablecneho, Carpocapsa pomonella L. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Zoologicke Spolecnosti 19: 44–52.
  81. White, G. F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science 66(1709): 302–3. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.66.1709.302.b
  82. White, I. M. and Elson-Harris, M. M. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. London, UK: CAB International.
  83. Wiedemann, C.R.W. 1824. Munus rectoris in academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Kiliae, eregio typographeo scholarum.
  84. Yasir, H. A., Hamad, B. Sh. and Hanawi, M. J. 2023. Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (saunders) (diptera: tephritidae). HIV Nursing 23(3):1653–1655. https://doi.org/10.31838/hiv23.03.240
  85. Ye, W., Foye, S., Mac Guidwin, A. E. and Stephan, S. 2018. Incidence of Oscheius onirici (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a potentially entomopathogenic nematode from the marshlands of Wisconsin, USA. Journal of Nematology 50:1–9. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-004
  86. Zahan, A., Latif, M. A., Hossain, M. A., Khan, S. A. and Rahman, M. J. 2015. Optimization of sterile male ratio of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). SAARC Journal of Agriculture 13(2):50–60. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i2.26568
  87. Zhang, K. Y, Liu, X. H., Tan, J., Wang, Y., Qiao, L., Yedid, G., Dai, C. S., Qiu, R. L., Yan, X. W., Tan, H. W., Su, Z. Y., Lai, R., and Gao, G. F. 2012. Heterorhabditidoides rugaoensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), a novel highly pathogenic entomopathogenic nematode member of Rhabditidae. Journal of Nematology 44:348–60.
  88. Zhou, G., Yang, H., Wang, F., Bao, H., Wang, G., Hou, X., Lin, J., Yedid, G. and Zhang, K. 2017. Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): a facultatively pathogenic nematode from Chongming Island, China. Journal of Nematology 49:33–41. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-044
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 23, 2024
Published on: Feb 15, 2025
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2025 Saif Abdulhussein Alghanimi, Ali Asghar Talebi, Reihaneh Gholami Ghavamabad, Majid Pedram, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.