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Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq Cover

Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq

Journal of Nematology
Volume 57 (2025): Issue 1 (February 2025)
By:
Open Access
|Feb 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Efficacy of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – against the last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata at doses of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 100 IJs/larva at 25°C (Mean ± SE). A. Data set 1 (first trial), B. Data set 2 (repeated trial). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after three days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after seven days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05). Differing Latin letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after 12 days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05).
Efficacy of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – against the last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata at doses of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 100 IJs/larva at 25°C (Mean ± SE). A. Data set 1 (first trial), B. Data set 2 (repeated trial). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after three days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after seven days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05). Differing Latin letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments after 12 days of exposure (P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2:

Corrected mortality percentage (Abbott’s formula) of last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 250 IJs/larva of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – 19 days post-treatment in greenhouse trial in fruit (Mean ± SE). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 2 (P ≤ 0.05).
Corrected mortality percentage (Abbott’s formula) of last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 250 IJs/larva of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – 19 days post-treatment in greenhouse trial in fruit (Mean ± SE). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 2 (P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3:

Corrected mortality percentage (using Abbott’s formula) of last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 1,000 IJs/larva of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – 19 days post-treatment, in greenhouse trial in soil substrate (Mean ± SE). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 2 (P ≤ 0.05).
Corrected mortality percentage (using Abbott’s formula) of last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 1,000 IJs/larva of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – 19 days post-treatment, in greenhouse trial in soil substrate (Mean ± SE). Differing uppercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Differing lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nematode treatments within data set 2 (P ≤ 0.05).

LC50 and LC90 values of two Iraqi free-living, and one EPN species Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the third instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata at 12 days post treatment in laboratory bioassay

Nematode species P-valueSlope±SEX2 (df=3)Intercept±SELC50LC90
Oscheius myriophilusData set 10.0000.00±0.00154.37−0.21±0.097.08 (−8.20–18.16)49.25 (41.05–57.31)
Data set 20.0000.00±0.00136.24−0.50±0.0913.50 (−43.01–24.17)47.62 (23.15–68.56)
Acrobeloides saeediData set 10.0000.00±0.0018.24−1.14±0.10104.49 (79.93–167.21)221.41 (160.42–415.21)
Data set 20.0000.00±0.001.01−0.50±0.0986.04 (76.25–99.44)165.16 (143.35–198.35)
Heterorhabditis bacteriophoraData set 10.0000.00±0.0013.46−1.03±0.0997.74 (87.02–112.50)218.52 (185.33–263.13)
Data set 20.0000.00±0.006.93−1.45±0.1186.67 (66.03–134.60)162.81 (121.22–289.18)

Analysis of variance results of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – on the last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 1,000 IJs/larva, 19 days post-treatment, in a greenhouse trial, in soil substrate_

SourcedfSum of squaresMean squareF valuePr>F
Data set 1Model1219282.741606.8928.75<0.0001
Error271509.1555.89--
Corrected total3920791.89---
Treatments (Nematode species)318361.486120.49109.50<0.0001
Block9921.26102.361.830.10
Data set 2Model1217330.061444.1714.86<0.0001
Error272624.65---
Corrected total3919954.72---
Treatments (Nematode species)316985.175661.7258.24<0.0001
Block9344.8938.320.390.92

Analysis of variance results for effects of two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – on the last-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to a dose of 250 IJs/larva, 19 days post-treatment, in a greenhouse trial in fruit_

SourcedfSum of squaresMean squareF valuePr>F
Data set 1Model717319.072474.15158.26<0.0001
Error12187.5915.63--
Corrected total1917506.67---
Treatments (Nematode species)317304.725768.24368.97<0.0001
Block414.343.580.230.91
Data set 2Model714279.142039.8767.57<0.0001
Error12362.2530.18--
Corrected total1914641.40---
Treatments (Nematode species)314210.854736.95156.92<0.0001
Block468.2917.070.570.69

Analysis of variance between two Iraqi free-living and one EPN species – Oscheius myriophilus, Acrobeloides saeedi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora – treatment effects on the third-instar larvae of Bactrocera zonata after exposure to dosages 0, 10, 30, 60 and 100 IJs/larva in three, seven and 12-day post-treatment intervals under laboratory bioassays_

SourcedfSum of squaresMean squareF valuePr>F
Data set 1Model44719.4416.3540.50<0.0001
Error405163.500.40--
Corrected total449882.94---
Nematode species2115.4357.71142.97<0.0001
Concentration4181.7145.42112.53<0.0001
Time2223.68111.84277.04<0.0001
Nematode species × Concentration832.434.0510.04<0.0001
Nematode species × Time491.4022.8556.61<0.0001
Concentration × Time847.515.9314.71<0.0001
Nematode species × Concentration × Time1627.251.704.22<0.0001
Data set 2Model44711.4916.1731.75<0.0001
Error405206.300.50--
Corrected total449917.79---
Nematode species2115.2757.63113.15<0.0001
Concentration4231.1857.79113.46<0.0001
Time2180.5690.28177.24<0.0001
Nematode species × Concentration836.374.548.93<0.0001
Nematode species × Time470.2617.5634.48<0.0001
Concentration× Time852.146.5112.80<0.0001
Nematode species × Concentration× Time1625.691.603.15<0.0001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 23, 2024
Published on: Feb 15, 2025
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
bioassay,
biological control,
peach fruit fly
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2025 Saif Abdulhussein Alghanimi, Ali Asghar Talebi, Reihaneh Gholami Ghavamabad, Majid Pedram, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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