Toxic Effects of the Trap Crop Solanum sisymbriifolium on the Hatch and Viability of Globodera pallida

Effect of S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10 on the hatch of G. pallida.

	Treatment	No dilution^z	1:2.5	1:5	1:10
Stem/leaf	Hexane	39.1 ± 6.3bd	35.0 ± 7.5bc	40.4 ± 6.2c	63.8 ± 4.9a
	Dichloromethane	64.9 ± 5.6a	68.8 ± 5.2a	60.3 ± 7.4a	62.9 ± 8.2a
	Ethyl acetate	66.2 ± 6.2a	59.9 ± 6.9a	64.6 ± 5.6a	67.4 ± 6.0a
	1-Butanol	24.5 ± 5.7bc	39.1 ± 5.0c	44.8 ± 5.2bc	65.0 ± 6.4a
Root	Hexane	69.0 ± 4.5a	72.1 ± 4.8a	75.2 ± 7.2a	76.3 ± 5.4a
	Dichloromethane	53.1 ± 4.9ad	62.4 ± 5.4a	65.3 ± 5.0ab	70.5 ± 6.4a
	Ethyl acetate	66.9 ± 4.7a	67.4 ± 5.6a	71.8 ± 5.1a	74.6 ± 4.6a
	1-Butanol	76.0 ± 6.4a	82.4 ± 3.4a	66.5 ± 3.8a	81.5 ± 2.6a
PRD	PRD	72.6 ± 5.0a	66.9 ± 5.4a	63.5 ± 4.8a	79.8 ± 3.7a
BSD	BSD	12.1 ± 2.5c	9.8 ± 3.4b	8.6 ± 2.3d	12.6 ± 2.8b

z Data are mean ± standard error (N = 16). The letters represent significance levels, with no significant difference at level P < 0.05 for treatments with the same letter. BSD = bare soil diffusate; PRD = potato root diffusate.

Table 2:

Percentage inhibition of G. pallida hatch. PRD control compared with S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10.

	Treatment	No dilution^z	1:2.5	1:5	1:10
Stem/leaf	Hexane	49.5bd	47.3bc	46.6c	20.1a
	Dichloromethane	16.0a	−18.5a	13.6a	21.2a
	Ethyl acetate	14.4a	6.4a	14.5a	15.6a
	1-Butanol	68.3bc	43.0c	40.7bc	18.5a
Root	Hexane	10.7a	−8.3a	0.6a	4.4a
	Dichloromethane	21.9ad	−3.3a	13.7ab	11.7a
	Ethyl acetate	8.5a	−1.3a	−2.7a	6.6a
	1-Butanol	1.7a	−23.8a	5.0a	−2.1a
PRD	PRD	0.0a	0.0a	0.0a	0.0a
BSD	BSD	85.4c	85.2b	89.9d	84.2b

z Data are mean ± standard error (N = 16). The letters represent significance levels, with no significant difference at level P > 0.05 for treatments with the same letter. BSD = bare soil diffusate; PRD = potato root diffusate.

Table 3:

	Treatment	No dilution^z	1:2.5	1:5	1:10
Stem/leaf	Hexane	66.7 ± 3.0b	58.3 ± 3.9b	76.1 ± 4.3b	83.4 ± 2.9a
	Dichloromethane	87.8 ± 2.5a	84.7 ± 2.6a	92.8 ± 1.1a	90.9 ± 1.6a
	Ethyl acetate	81.6 ± 4.0a	83.9 ± 2.8a	89.8 ± 2.3a	86.6 ± 2.6a
	1-Butanol	62.1 ± 5.6b	58.3 ± 3.9b	61.2 ± 5.4b	87.9 ± 1.9a
Root	Hexane	84.0 ± 3.0ac	86.9 ± 2.3a	90.3 ± 1.6a	94.1 ± 0.9a
	Dichloromethane	86.6 ± 2.7a	84.7 ± 2.3a	92.3 ± 1.2a	90.2 ± 1.1a
	Ethyl acetate	85.1 ± 2.9a	84.1 ± 2.4a	91.7 ± 1.8a	89.8 ± 1.6a
	1-Butanol	84.0 ± 2.5a	80.9 ± 3.0a	88.7 ± 2.9ab	88.2 ± 1.5a
PRD	PRD	93.3 ± 0.9a	87.2 ± 2.2a	95.1 ± 0.8a	89.5 ± 1.6a
BSD	BSD	88.5 ± 1.7a	90.3 ± 1.2a	89.1 ± 1.4a	90.9 ± 1.8a

Table 4:

Percent inhibition of G. pallida viability. PRD control compared with S. sisymbriifolium extracts made from 8-wk-old plant tissues extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or 1-butanol when dissolved in potato root diffusate (PRD) at no dilution or at dilutions of 1:2.5, 1:5, or 1:10.

	Treatment	No dilution^z	1:2.5	1:5	1:10
Stem/leaf	Hexane	28.5b	33.1b	12.0b	6.8a
	Dichloromethane	5.9a	2.9a	2.4a	−1.5a
	Ethyl acetate	12.5a	3.8a	5.6a	3.3a
	1-Butanol	33.4b	33.1b	35.7b	1.9a
Root	Hexane	9.9ac	0.3a	5.1a	−5.1a
	Dichloromethane	7.1a	2.9a	2.9a	−0.7a
	Ethyl acetate	8.8a	3.5a	3.5a	−0.3a
	1-Butanol	9.9a	7.2a	6.7ab	1.5a
PRD	PRD	0.0a	0.0a	0.0a	0.0a
BSD	BSD	5.1a	−3.6a	6.4a	−1.6a

Table 5:

Solamargine concentration (mg/liter) found in extracts made from 8-wk-old S. sisymbriifolium roots or stem/leaves.

Plant part	Extract	Solamargine concentration (mg/liter)^z
Stem/leaf	Hexane	28.7 ± 0.2
	Dichloromethane	32.9 ± 0.2
	Ethyl acetate	3.4 ± 0.01
	1-Butanol	116.9 ± 0.8
Root	Hexane	3.7 ± 0.01
	Dichloromethane	4.7 ± 0.02
	Ethyl acetate	2.7 ± 0.002
	1-Butanol	20.4 ± 0.1

z Data are mean ± standard error (N = 3).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Submitted on: Feb 20, 2024

Published on: Aug 8, 2024

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Globodera pallida,

nematode management,

potato cyst nematode,

Solanum sisymbriifolium,

toxicity

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2024 Lindsay Schulz, Inna Popova, Louise-Marie Dandurand, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 56 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)