Tomato Mi-gene Resistance-Breaking Populations of Meloidogyne Show Variable Reproduction on Susceptible and Resistant Crop Cultivars

Nematode population number	Origin County	Field-grown tomato cultivar
1	Yolo	Heinz5508
2	San Joaquin	SUN6366
3	Yolo	Heinz5508
4	Kern	CXD187
5	Yolo	Heinz5508
6	Kern	Heinz5208
7	Kern	Heinz5208
8	Fresno	UG19406
9	Fresno	SUN6366
10	Fresno	SUN6366
11	Yolo	Heinz5508
12	Yolo	Heinz5508
13	Solano	Heinz5508
14	Colusa	N6416
15	Sutter	H1310
16	Colusa	HM3888

Table 2.

Average (n=10) reproduction factor (RF) and galling index (scale 0 – 10 = 0 = no galling and 10 = 100% of root system galled) on seven different tomato cultivars inoculated with five resistance-breaking root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) populations (1,000 second-stage juveniles/pot) and an avirulent M. incognita race 3 population in a greenhouse pot trial.

	Tomato cultivar
	Daniela (S^a)	Celebrity (R^a)	H5608 (R^a)	DRI319 (R^a)	N6366 (R^a)	HM3887 (R^a)	H8504 (R^a)
Reproduction factor (RF)
Nematode population^b
Mi-3 control	8.5	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Resistance-breaking							average
3 (Mi)	4.1	3.7	11.8	12.9	4.9	5.6	2.9	6.6	A^d
4 (Mj)	3.1	1.6	9.6	7.9	2.0	2.4	1.0	3.9	B
10 (Mi)	4.4	6.8	5.1	10.7	8.7	3.1	4.2	6.1	A
11 (Mi)	6.6	4.7	17.0	11.1	4.3	6.1	4.1	7.7	A
12 (Mi)	2.5	3.5	4.1	3.1	4.2	4.7	3.8	3.7	B
average	4.1 b^c	4.0 b	9.5 a	9.1 a	4.8 ab	4.4 b	3.2 b
Galling index
Nematode population^b
Mi-3 control	6.2	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4
Resistance-breaking							average
3 (Mi)	6.4	5.5	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.6	5.6	6.4	A^d
4 (Mj)	4.0	5.0	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.2	4.9	5.5	BC
10 (Mi)	5.5	6.2	7.1	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.0	6.3	AB
11 (Mi)	6.1	4.9	6.4	6.9	6.5	7.4	6.4	6.4	A
12 (Mi)	4.3	3.5	4.8	5.0	4.3	5.4	4.3	4.5	C
average	5.3 ab^c	5.0 b	6.3 a	6.3 a	6.1 ab	6.4 a	5.4 ab

a (S): root-knot nematode susceptible cultivar, (R): root-knot nematode resistant cultivar.

b The control Mi-3 population is shown for comparison and was not included in the statistical analysis. (Mi) indicates a population identified as M. incognita, (Mj) indicates a population identified as M. javanica.

c Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between between different tomato varieties at the 95% confidence level. Reproduction Factor: Fisher's protected LSD-test. Statistical analysis performed on log(x+1)-transformed data, non-transformed data shown. Galling index: Kruskal-Wallis test.

d Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between the different resistance-breaking Meloidogyne populations at the 95% confidence level.

Table 3.

Average (n=10) reproduction factor (RF) and root galling index (scale 0 – 10 = 0 = no galling and 10 = 100% of root system galled) on two different pepper cultivars inoculated with six root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) populations (1,000 second-stage juveniles/pot) in a greenhouse pot trial.

	Plant cultivar
	Tomato Celebrity^a (R^b)	Pepper Baron (S^b)	Pepper Carolina Wonder (R^b)
Reproduction factor (RF)
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.3	17.5 a^d	0.0 a^d
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	22.2	21.7 a	0.0 a
4 (Mj)	27.6	0.0 b	0.1 a
10 (Mi)	25.5	15.9 a	0.0 a
11 (Mi)	35.8	17.6 a	0.0 a
12 (Mi)	29.1	27.0 a	0.0 a
Galling index
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.3	3.5 cd^e	0.0 b^e
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	7.3	5.2 ab	0.0 b
4 (Mj)	5.8	0.0 e	0.1 ab
10 (Mi)	6.5	4.5 bc	0.0 b
11 (Mi)	6.7	3.1 d	0.0 b
12 (Mi)	7.0	6.0 a	0.3 a

a Tomato cv. Celebrity was included as an internal control and not included in the statistical analysis.

b (S): root-knot nematode susceptible cultivar, (R): root-knot nematode resistant cultivar.

c (Mi) indicates a population identified as M. incognita, (Mj) indicates a population identified as M. javanica.

d Different letters within a column indicate significant differences in reproduction factor between RKN populations at the 95% confidence level, Fisher's protected LSD-test. Statistical analysis performed on log(x+1)-transformed data, non-transformed data shown.

e Different letters within a column indicate significant differences in galling index between RKN populations at the 95% confidence level, Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 4.

Average (n=10) reproduction factor (RF) and root galling index (scale 0 – 10 = 0 = no galling and 10 = 100% of root system galled) on two sweetpotato and two green bean cultivars inoculated with six root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) populations (1,000 second-stage juveniles/pot) in a greenhouse pot trial.

	Crop cultivar
	Tomato Celebrity^a (R²)	Sweetpotato O’Henry (S²)	Sweetpotato Bonita (R²)	Green bean BlueLake (S²)	Green bean Nemasnap (R²)
Reproduction factor (RF)
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.4	30.4 a^d	0.7 b^d	42.9 a^d	0.1 c^d
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	55.2	52.1 a	5.2 a	47.1 a	0.1 c
4 (Mj)	35.7	49.6 a	4.1 a	52.5 a	6.6 a
10 (Mi)	62.3	28.4 a	2.8 a	45.8 a	0.1 c
11 (Mi)	61.4	54.4 a	3.2 a	37.2 a	0.3 bc
12 (Mi)	48.9	47.3 a	3.7 a	39.9 a	0.4 b
Galling index
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.2	5.1 a^e	0.6 a^e	6.2 a^e	0.3 b^e
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	6.0	6.1 a	1.1 a	5.7 a	0.0 b
4 (Mj)	5.3	6.2 a	0.9 a	6.0 a	4.8 a
10 (Mi)	5.8	5.0 a	1.2 a	5.9 a	0.5 b
11 (Mi)	6.5	5.1 a	1.2 a	5.3 a	0.2 b
12 (Mi)	5.9	5.6 a	1.5 a	5.6 a	0.2 b

a Tomato cv. Celebrity was included as an internal control and not included in the statistical analysis.

b (S): root-knot nematode susceptible cultivar, (R): root-knot nematode resistant cultivar.

c (Mi) indicates a population identified as M. incognita, (Mj) indicates a population identified as M. javanica.

e Different letters within a column indicate significant differences in galling index between RKN populations at the 95% confidence level, Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 5.

Average (n=10) reproduction factor (RF) and root galling index (scale 0 – 10 = 0 = no galling and 10 = 100% of root system galled) on two cotton and two cowpea cultivars inoculated with six root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) populations (1,000 second-stage juveniles/pot) in a greenhouse pot trial.

	Crop ultivar
	Tomato Celebrity^a (R^b)	Cotton SJ2 (S^b)	Cotton DP 1474NR B2XF (R^b)	Cowpea CB46 Null-1 (S^b)	Cowpea CB46 (R^b)
Reproduction factor (RF)
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.5	14.5 a^d	0.1 bc^d	205.0 a^d	0.1 b^d
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	111.4	0.1 c	0.0 d	16.2 b	0.9 b
4 (Mj)	88.8	1.4 b	0.6 ab	91.1 a	10.4 a
10 (Mi)	84.2	0.0 c	0.3 bc	76.9 a	0.1 b
11 (Mi)	128.9	0.1 c	0.1 cd	143.7 a	0.2 b
12 (Mi)	85.2	19.7 a	2.0 a	93.8 a	11.4 a
Galling index
Nematode population^c
Mi-3 control	0.4	3.0 a^e	0.5 ab^e	6.8 a^e	0.1 b^e
Resistance-breaking
3 (Mi)	7.9	0.1 c	0.0 b	6.0 a	0.9 b
4 (Mj)	7.8	1.6 b	0.6 ab	6.1 a	2.5 a
10 (Mi)	6.9	0.3 c	0.4 ab	6.7 a	0.4 b
11 (Mi)	7.4	0.2 c	0.1 ab	7.2 a	0.6 b
12 (Mi)	8.0	2.6 ab	0.9 a	5.6 a	2.9 a

a Tomato cv. Celebrity was included as an internal control and not included in the statistical analysis.

b (S): root-knot nematode susceptible cultivar, (R): root-knot nematode resistant cultivar.

c (Mi) indicates a population identified as M. incognita, (Mj) indicates a population identified as M. javanica.

e Different letters within a column indicate significant differences in galling index between RKN populations at the 95% confidence level, Kruskal-Wallis test.

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0043 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Submitted on: May 10, 2023

Published on: Oct 16, 2023

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

cotton,

green bean,

Meloidogyne incognita,

Meloidogyne javanica,

pepper,

resistance breaking,

root-knot nematodes,

Solanum lycopersicum,

Related subjects:

© 2023 A. T. Ploeg, C. S. Stoddard, T. A. Turini, J. J. Nunez, E. M. Miyao, S. A. Subbotin, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)