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Reaction of Commercial Cultivars of Kiwifruit to Infection by Root-knot Nematode and Its Biocontrol Using Endophytic Bacteria

Journal of Nematology
Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Reaction of commercial cultivars of kiwifruit to infection by M. incogntia. (A) Number of galls on roots; (B) Number of egg masses on roots; (C) Number of J2s in the soil. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Error bars indicate STD. (n=15).
Reaction of commercial cultivars of kiwifruit to infection by M. incogntia. (A) Number of galls on roots; (B) Number of egg masses on roots; (C) Number of J2s in the soil. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Error bars indicate STD. (n=15).

Figure 2:

Growth parameters of plants in response to infection by M. incogntia. (A) Fresh root weight; (B) dry root weight; (C) fresh shoot weight; (D) dry shoot weight. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Error bars indicate STD (n=15).
Growth parameters of plants in response to infection by M. incogntia. (A) Fresh root weight; (B) dry root weight; (C) fresh shoot weight; (D) dry shoot weight. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Error bars indicate STD (n=15).

Figure 3:

Relationships between the number of galls and percentage of reductions in fresh and dry root and shoot weights. (A) (●) and (▲) represent reductions in fresh and dry root weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively. (…) and (―) represent trend lines showing reductions in fresh and dry root weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively; (B): (●) and (▲) represent reductions in fresh and dry shoot weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively. (…) and (―) represent trend lines showing reductions in fresh and dry shoot weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively.
Relationships between the number of galls and percentage of reductions in fresh and dry root and shoot weights. (A) (●) and (▲) represent reductions in fresh and dry root weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively. (…) and (―) represent trend lines showing reductions in fresh and dry root weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively; (B): (●) and (▲) represent reductions in fresh and dry shoot weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively. (…) and (―) represent trend lines showing reductions in fresh and dry shoot weights of kiwifruit plants, respectively.

Figure 4:

Antagonistic effects of P. megaterium strain 31.en and A. tumefaciens strain 19.en against M. incognita in kiwifruit under greenhouse conditions. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are the mean of five replications which were repeated three times independently (n=15).
Antagonistic effects of P. megaterium strain 31.en and A. tumefaciens strain 19.en against M. incognita in kiwifruit under greenhouse conditions. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are the mean of five replications which were repeated three times independently (n=15).

Figure 5:

Effects of P. megaterium strain 31.en and A. tumefaciens strain 19.en on growth parameters of kiwifruit under greenhouse conditions. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are the mean of five replications that were repeated three times independently (n=15).
Effects of P. megaterium strain 31.en and A. tumefaciens strain 19.en on growth parameters of kiwifruit under greenhouse conditions. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are the mean of five replications that were repeated three times independently (n=15).

Modified rating scale for the evaluation of the level of resistance/susceptibility of kiwifruit cultivars based on the number of galls according to (Taylor and Sasser, 1978)_

ScaleNumber of Galls per PlantResistance Rating
00Immune (I)
11–2Resistant (R)
23–10Moderately Resistant (MR)
311–30Moderately Susceptible (MS)
431–100Susceptible (S)
5>100Highly Susceptible (HS)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 13, 2023
Published on: Jun 5, 2023
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
cultivars,
endophytic bacteria,
kiwifruit,
root-knot nematode
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2023 Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian, Salar Jamali, Morteza Golmohammadi, Sina Noorizadeh, Mohammad Reza Atighi, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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