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Reaction of Winter Cover Crops to Meloidogyne enterolobii and Glasshouse Bioassay for Evaluating Utility in Managing M. enterolobii in Soybeans Cover

Reaction of Winter Cover Crops to Meloidogyne enterolobii and Glasshouse Bioassay for Evaluating Utility in Managing M. enterolobii in Soybeans

Journal of Nematology
Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)
By: ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|May 2023
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Host status of winter cover crops and response of soybean after inoculation of the preceding cover crop with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii, Trial 1. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant speciesCommon nameRoot galling in cover cropaSoybean shoot weight (g)Soybean root weight (g)Soybean root galling severity
Hordeum vulgareBarley−        41.4 bc        52.0 abc            0 c
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover+        24.8 d        38.8 c        59.4 ab
Guillenia flavescensYellow mustard+        31.2 cd        35.9 c        48.1 b
Avena nudaStreaker hulless oats−        42.6 bc        51.1 abc            0 c
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass−        50.8 b        57.2 ab            0 c
Secale cerealeWinter rye−        53.0 ab        49.9 abc            0 c
Vinca villosaHairy vetch+        26.4 cd        51.4 abc        67.9 a
Triticum aestivumSpring wheat−        43.3 bc        44.1 bc            0 c
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass (non-inoculated)−        65.9 a        67.0 a            0 c
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover (non-inoculated)−        65.6 a        63.7 a            0 c
P-valueb          <0.0001            0.0369          <0.0001
MSEc        166.4        295.7        169.2

a Presence or absence of root galling was evaluated whereas presence was defined as root galling severity of ≥1 on a severity index scale of 0–10 (Bridge and Page 1980). ‘-’ indicates absence of galling, ‘+’ indicates presence of galling.

b Significance value of Fisher’s least significant difference.

c Mean squared error.

Figure 1:

Effect of preceding winter cover crop on soybean roots following (A) yellow mustard, (B) barley, and (C) ryegrass. Significant root galling was observed in soybean roots following yellow mustard, crimson clover, and hairy vetch, while no root galling was observed on the roots of barley, Streaker hulless oats, ryegrass, winter rye, or spring wheat.

Table 3.

Host status of winter cover crops and response of soybean after inoculation of the preceding cover crop with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii, Trial 2. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant speciesCommon nameRoot galling in cover cropaSoybean shoot weight (g)Soybean root weight (g)Soybean root galling severity
Hordeum vulgareBarley−        14.92        31.59          0.3 d
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover+        10.09        16.20        26.7 b
Guillenia flavescensYellow mustard+        10.09        18.83        14.6 c
Avena nudaStreaker hulless oats−        11.39        20.32            0 d
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass−          6.35        17.71          0.3 d
Secale cerealeWinter rye−        12.65        22.15          0.3 d
Vinca villosaHairy vetch+          5.03        13.58        46.2 a
Triticum aestivumSpring wheat−          8.31        20.01          0.3 d
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass (non-inoculated)−        11.99        20.12             0 d
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover (non-inoculated)−        11.47        17.41             0 d
P-valueb          0.070 (ns)          0.063 (ns)          <0.0001
MSEc        33.1        88.0        121.5

a Presence or absence of root galling was evaluated whereas presence was defined as root galling severity of ≥ 1 on a severity index scale of 0–10 (Bridge and Page 1980). ‘-’ indicates absence of galling, ‘+’ indicates presence of galling.

b Significance value of Fisher’s least significant difference

c Mean squared error

Table 2.

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on soybean after inoculation of preceding winter cover crop plants, Trial 1. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant speciesCommon nameEggs per gram of soybean root tissueRF moda
Hordeum vulgareBarley            10.1 b        0.05 b
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover        1914.2 a        7.84 a
Guillenia flavescensYellow mustard        3104.3 a        7.19 a
Avena nudaStreaker hulless oats            15.2 b        0.07 b
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass              6.8 b        0.03 b
Secale cerealeWinter rye              6.9 b        0.04 b
Vinca villosaHairy vetch        2195.3 a      11.33 a
Triticum aestivumSpring wheat              6.5 b        0.03 b
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass (non-inoculated)              3.5 b        0.02 b
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover (non-inoculated)              4.3 b        0.02 b
P-valueb              0.0001    < 0.0001
MSEc            2380380    19.5

a Modified Reproductive Factor, calculated by dividing the total number of eggs extracted from soybean root systems (final population), by the initial number of eggs inoculated to the preceding cover crop (initial population; herein, 10,000).

b Significance value of Fisher’s least significant difference.

c Mean squared error.

Table 4.

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on soybean after inoculation of different proceeding winter cover crop plants, Trial 2. Means (n = 8) followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Plant speciesCommon nameEggs per gram of soybean root tissueRF moda
Hordeum vulgareBarley            13.7 c        0.06 c
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover        6041.5 a        7.13 a
Guillenia flavescensYellow mustard        1452.4 bc        3.71 b
Avena nudaStreaker hulless oats              3.7 c        0.01 c
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass            10.8 c        0.02 c
Secale cerealeWinter rye              5.0 c        0.01 c
Vinca villosaHairy vetch        2476.6 b        2.15 bc
Triticum aestivumSpring wheat              9.2 c        0.02 c
Lolium multiflorumRyegrass (non-inoculated)            16.4 c        0.02 c
Trifolium incarnatumCrimson clover (non-inoculated)                  0 c            0 c
P-valueb          < 0.0001          0.0003
MSEc        2396198        11.1

a Modified Reproductive Factor, calculated by dividing the total number of eggs extracted from soy bean root systems (final population), by the initial number of eggs inoculated to the preceding cover crop (Initial population; herein, 10,000).

b Significance value of Fisher’s least significant difference.

c Mean squared error.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0014 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Oct 11, 2022
Published on: May 2, 2023
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
biomass,
Guava root-knot nematode,
interaction,
management,
reproductive factor
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2023 Neel Saha, Tanner Schwarz, Samantha Mowery, Adrienne M. Gorny, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)
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