Table 1
Effects of artichoke cultivars and planting dates on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) second-stage juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.
| Cultivar | Planting date | Root gall index | RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm3 soil) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
| Green Globe Improved | 1.93 ± 0.63 | 5.39 ± 0.65 b | N/A | 18 ± 6 | |
| Green Queen | 1.33 ± 0.43 | 4.32 ± 0.44 b | N/A | 40 ± 14 | |
| Imperial Star | 2.32 ± 0.59 | 7.54 ± 0.42 a | N/A | 36 ± 16 | |
| Opal | 1.91 ± 0.63 | 5.83 ± 0.68 ab | N/A | 83 ± 37 | |
| October 5 | 1.92 ± 0.67 | 6.72 ± 0.38 a | N/A | 19 ± 3 b | |
| October 19 | 2.11 ± 0.52 | 6.00 ± 0.56 ab | N/A | 22 ± 6 b | |
| November 2 | 1.67 ± 0.45 | 4.59 ± 0.59 b | N/A | 92 ± 30 a | |
| Cultivar | 0.9320 | 0.0521 | N/A | 0.0828 | |
| Planting date | 0.4204 | 0.0004 | N/A | 0.0072 | |
| Cultivar × Planting date | 0.0307 | 0.3557 | N/A | 0.6242 | |
[i] N/A: not available.
Data are means ± SE (n = 4). For each main effect, means in a column followed by the same letter or no letter are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer test, p ≤ 0.05). Despite the significant cultivar × planting date interaction on root gall index in the 2020–2021 season, no significant difference was found among the treatment means (Tukey–Kramer test, p ≤ 0.05).
Table 2
Effects of artichoke cultivars and vernalization by gibberellic acid (GA3) on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.
| Cultivar | GA3 (g/ha) | Root gall index | RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm3 soil) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
| Green Globe Improved | 1.34 ± 0.39 | 8.38 ± 0.18 | N/A | 14 ± 9 | |
| Green Queen | 0.80 ± 0.30 | 8.53 ± 0.14 | N/A | 12 ± 5 | |
| Imperial Star | 0.43 ± 0.16 | 8.67 ± 0.19 | N/A | 11 ± 5 | |
| 0 | 0.26 ± 0.10 b | 8.50 ± 0.11 | N/A | 17 ± 12 | |
| 37 | 1.09 ± 0.23 a | 8.58 ± 0.20 | N/A | 10 ± 3 | |
| Cultivar | 0.1941 | 0.6230 | N/A | 0.9697 | |
| GA3 | 0.0437 | 0.5444 | N/A | 0.3037 | |
| Cultivar × GA3 | 0.7734 | 0.9285 | N/A | 0.1914 | |
[i] N/A: not available.
Data are means ± SE (n = 6). For each main effect, means in a column followed by the same letter or no letter are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer test, p ≤ 0.05).