Table 1
Plant-parasitic nematodes found in floricultural crops worldwide and their referenced papers.
| Host Scientific Name | Host Common Name | Nematode Species | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hippeastrum sp. | Amaryllis | Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmerman, 1898) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhovem, 1941; P. hippeastri Inserra, 2007 | Crow and Duncan, 2018; Inserra et al., 2007; Pinochet and Duarte, 1986 |
| Anthurium sp. | Anthurium | Aphelenchoides fragariae; A. ritzemabosi; Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961; Meloidogyne incognita; M. javanica; Paratylenchus minutus Linford in Linford, Oliveira and Ishii, 1949; P. tenseness; Pratylenchus coffeae; Radopholus similis; Rotylenchulus reniformis | Bala and Hosein, 1996; Kohl, 2011; Phani et al., 2021; Sipes and Myers, 2018; Wang et al., 2013 |
| Didiscus caeruleus | Blue lace flower | Meloidogyne spp. | Wang and McSorley, 2005 |
| Buxus sp. | Boxwood | Meloidogyne incognita; Mesocriconema spp.; Pratylenchus spp.; P. vulnus Allen and Jensen, 1951; Rotylenchus buxophilus | Eisenback, 2018; Lehman, 1984 |
| Caladium sp. | Caladium | Meloidogyne spp. | Gu et al., 2022 |
| Calendula officinalis | Calendula | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi; Meloidogyne spp. | Kohl, 2011; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
| Dianthus caryophyllus | Carnation | Criconema xenoplex (Raski, 1952) Loof and de Grisse, 1967; Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey, 1958; Helicotylenchus digonicus Perry, 1959; H. dihystera; H. pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956; Heterodera daverti Wouts and Sturhan, 1979; Longidorus elongatus Micoletzky, 1922; Meloidogyne incognita; M. javanica; Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev and Schuurmans-Stekhoven 1942; P. thornei Sher and Allen, 1953; Rotylenchulus reniformis; Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927), Thorne, 1939 | Borgohain, 2016; Chandel et al., 2010; Deimi et al., 2008; Lung et al., 1997; Phani et al., 2021; Taylor, 1972 |
| Chrysanthemum sp. | Chrysanthemum | Aphelenchoides besseyi; A. fragariae; A. ritzemabosi; Ditylenchus myceliophagus; Helicotylenchus digonicus; H. pseudorobustus; H. vulgaris Yuen, 1964; Meloidogyne incognita; M. javanica; Pratylenchus neglectus; P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev and Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1941; P. thornei; Rotylenchulus reniformis | Borgohain, 2016; Christie and Birchfield, 1958; Deimi et al., 2008; Handoo, 1998; Khan, 2015; Kohl, 2011; Mitiku, 2018; Yamamoto and Toida, 1995 |
| Dahlia sp. | Dahlia | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi | Khan, 2015 |
| Hemerocallis sp. | Daylily | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi; Helicotylenchus dihystera; Meloidogyne arenaria; M. hapla; M. incognita; Paratrichodorus spp.; Paratylenchus spp.; Pratylenchus spp.; Rotylenchulus reniformis; Scutellonema brachyurus Steiner, 1938 | Howland et al., 2022; Inserra et al., 1995; Kohl, 2011; LaMondia, 1996; Ye, 2018 |
| Xanthosoma sp. | Elephant’s ears | Meloidogyne spp.; Rotylenchulus reniformis; Pratylenchus coffeae | Jatala and Bridge, 1990 |
| Gardenia jasminoides | Gardenia | Aphelenchoides fragariae; Meloidogyne spp. | Crow and Duncan, 2018; Kohl, 2011 |
| Geranium sp. | Geranium | Aphelenchoides fragariae | Kohl, 2011 |
| Gerbera jamesonii | Gerbera | Aphelenchoides fragariae, Longidorus elongatus, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Pratylenchus coffeae, Rotylenchulus reniformis | Borgohain, 2016; Kohl, 2011; Phani et al., 2021 |
| Alpinia sp. | Ginger lily | Criconemella onoensis (Luc, 1959) Luc and Raski, 1981; Helicotylenchus dihystera; H. pseudorobustus; Meloidogyne incognita; Peltamigratus spp.; Pratylenchus spp.; Rotylenchulus reniformis; Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1970 | Bala and Hosein, 1996 |
| Gladiolus grandiflorus | Gladiolus | Aphelenchoides besseyi; Ditylenchus myceliophagus; Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966; H. digonicus; H. pseudorobustus; Meloidogyne incognita; Pratylenchus coffeae; P. thornei; Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913 | Borgohain, 2016; Deimi et al., 2008; Taylor, 1972 |
| Alcea rosea | Hollyhock | Meloidogyne incognita | Khan et al., 2005; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
| Hosta sp. | Hosta | Aphelenchoides spp., A. fragariae | Jagdale and Grewal, 2006; Kohl, 2011 |
| Hydrangea macrophylla | Hydrangea | Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. fragariae, Ditylenchus dipsaci | Kohl, 2011; Ye, 2018 |
| Iris sp. | Iris | Aphelenchoides fragariae, A. ritzemabosi, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. pseudorobustus, H. vulgaris, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei | Deimi et al., 2008; Kohl, 2011 |
| Ipomoea purpurea | Morning Glory | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Meloidogyne spp. | Kohl, 2011; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
| Consolida ajacis | Larkspur | Meloidogyne spp. | Wang and McSorley, 2005 |
| Lavandula angustifolia | Lavender | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Meloidogyne hapla | Kohl, 2011; LaMondia, 1995 |
| Lilium sp. | Lily | Pratylenchus penetrans | Chitambar et al., 2018 |
| Eustoma grandiflorum | Lisianthus | Meloidogyne spp. | Wang and McSorley, 2005 |
| Polystichum adiantiforme | Leatherleaf fern | Pratylenchus neglectus | Rhoades, 1968 |
| Heliconia | Lobster Claw | Helicotylenchus dihystera, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis | Bala and Hosein, 1996 |
| Petunia hybrida | Petunia | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Meloidogyne incognita | Khan et al., 2005; Kohl, 2011; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
| Papaver rhoeas | Poppy | Meloidogyne incognita | Khan et al., 2005 |
| Rosa sp. | Rose | Aphelenchoides spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Helicotylenchus crenacauda, H. pseudorobustus, H. vulgaris, Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica, Pratylenchus spp., P. neglectus, P. thornei, Rotylenchulus reniformis | Deimi et al., 2008; Phani et al., 2021; Yamamoto and Toida, 1995 |
| Ficus sp. | Rubber plant | Pratylenchus coffeae | Pinochet and Duarte, 1986 |
| Tulipa sp. | Tulip | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Meloidogyne incognita, Paratrichodorus spp., Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, Trichodorus spp. | Borgohain, 2016; Deimi et al., 2008; Kohl, 2011; Madhavan et al., 2021 |
| Antirrhinum majus | Snapdragon | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Meloidogyne spp. | Kohl, 2011; Wang and McSorley, 2005; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
| Helianthus sp. | Sunflower | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi; Meloidogyne incognita; Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956; Pratylenchus thornei | Khan, 2015; Kohl, 2011; Loof, 1975; Rashad et al., 2011 |
| Zinnia sp. | Zinnia | Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. fragariae, A. ritzemabosi, Meloidogyne spp. | Khan, 2015; Kohl, 2011; Wheeler et al., 2018 |
Figure 1
Light micrograph of Meloidogyne hapla second-stage juvenile (A) extracted from a daylily field at a commercial nursery in Michigan. Daylily roots were taken from the same field showing galling and stunting due to M. hapla infection (B) compared to healthy roots (C).
Figure 2
Light micrograph of an adult male (A) and head (B) of Aphelenchoides spp. extracted from Heliopsis spp. leaves. Angular lesions (C,D) on the leaves of two varieties of Heliopsis spp. infected with Aphelenchoides spp.
Figure 3
Hot water dipping tank (A) and the interior of the tank (B) at a commercial nursery in Michigan.