External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment
References
- Adams, B. J., Bardgett, R. D., Ayres, E., Wall, D. H., Aislabie, J., Bamforth, S., Bargagli, R., Cary, C., Cavacini, P., Connell, L., Convey, P., Fell, J. W., Frati, F., Hogg, I. D., Newsham, K. K., O’Donnell, A., Russell, N., Seppelt, R. D., and Stevens, M. I. 2006. Diversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:3003–3018. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.030
- Alberdi, A., and Gilbert, M. T. P. 2019. A guide to the application of Hill numbers to DNA-based diversity analyses. Molecular Ecology Resources 19:804–817. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13014
- Anderson, G. L., Caldwell, K. N., Beuchat, L. R., and Williams, P. L. 2003. Interaction of a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with surrogates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Food Protection 66:1543–1549. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-66.9.1543
- Baermann, G. 1917. A simple method for the detection of Ankylostomum (nematode) larvae in soil tests. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie Batavia 57:131–137; (In German).
- Blaxter, M. L., Page, A. P., Rudin, W., and Maizels, R. M. 1992. Nematode surface coats: Actively evading immunity. Parasitology Today 8(7):243–247. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(92)90126-M
- Bataille, A., Lee-Cruz, L., Tripathi, B., Kim, H., and Waldman, B. 2016. Microbiome variation across amphibian skin regions: Implications for chytridiomycosis mitigation efforts. Microbial Ecology 71:221–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0653-0
- Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67:1–48.
- Bellec, L., Camon-Bonavita, M-A., Cueff-Gauchard, V., Durand, L., Gayet, L., Zeppilli, D. 2018. A Nematode of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Hydrothermal Vents Harbors a Possible Symbiotic Relationship. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:2246. Available at https://doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02246
- Berg, M., Stenuit, B., Ho, J., Wang, A., Parke, C., Knight, M., Alvarez-Cohen, L., and Shapira, M. 2016a. Assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut microbiota from diverse soil microbial environments. The ISME Journal 10:1998–2009. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.253
- Berg, M., Zhou, X. Y., and Shapira, M. 2016b. Host-specific functional significance of Caenorhabditis Gut commensals. Frontiers in Microbiology 7:1622. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01622
- Bird, A., and Bird, J. 1991. The structure of nematodes, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press.
- Bird, A. K., Prado-Irwin, S. R., Vredenburg, V. T., and Zink, A. G. 2018. Skin microbiomes of California terrestrial salamanders are influenced by habitat more than host phylogeny. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:442. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00442
- Bolyen, E., Rideout, J. R., Dillon, M. R., Bokulich, N. A., Abnet, C. C., Al-Ghalith, G. A., Alexander, H., Alm, E. J., Arumugam, M., Asnicar, F., Bai, Y., Bisanz, J. E., Bittinger, K., Brejnrod, A., Brislawn, C. J., Brown, C. T., Callahan, B. J., Caraballo-Rodríguez, A. M., Chase, J., Cope, E. K., Da Silva, R., Diener, C., Dorrestein, P. C., Douglas, G. M., Durall, D. M., Duvallet, C., Edwardson, C. F., Ernst, M., Estaki, M., Fouquier, J., Gauglitz, J. M., Gibbons, S. M., Gibson, D. L., Gonzalez, A., Gorlick, K., Guo, J., Hillmann, B., Holmes, S., Holste, H., Huttenhower, C., Huttley, G. A., Janssen, S., Jarmusch, A. K., Jiang, L., Kaehler, B. D., Kang, K. B., Keefe, C. R., Keim, P., Kelley, S. T., Knights, D., Koester, I., Kosciolek, T., Kreps, J., Langille, M. G. I., Lee, J., Ley, R., Liu, Y. -X., Loftfield, E., Lozupone, C., Maher, M., Marotz, C., Martin, B. D., McDonald, D., McIver, L. J., Melnik, A. V., Metcalf, J. L., Morgan, S. C., Morton, J. T., Naimey, A. T., Navas-Molina, J. A., Nothias, L. F., Orchanian, S. B., Pearson, T., Peoples, S. L., Petras, D., Preuss, M. L., Pruesse, E., Rasmussen, L. B., Rivers, A., Robeson, M. S., Rosenthal, P., Segata, N., Shaffer, M., Shiffer, A., Sinha, R., Song, S. J., Spear, J. R., Swafford, A. D., Thompson, L. R., Torres, P. J., Trinh, P., Tripathi, A., Turnbaugh, P. J., Ul-Hasan, S., van der Hooft, J. J. J., Vargas, F., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., Vogtmann, E., von Hippel, M., Walters, W., Wan, Y., Wang, M., Warren, J., Weber, K. C., Williamson, C. H. D., Willis, A. D., Xu, Z. Z., Zaneveld, J. R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Q., Knight, R., and Caporaso, J. G. 2019. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nature Biotechnology 37:852–857. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0209-9
- Boscaro, V., Holt, C. C., Van Steenkiste, N. W. L., Herranz, M., Irwin, N. A. T., Àlvarez-Campos, P., Grzelak, K., Holovachov, O., Kerbl, A., Mathur, V., Okamoto, N., Piercey, R. S., Worsaae, K., Leander, B. S., and Keeling, P. J. 2022. Microbiomes of microscopic marine invertebrates do not reveal signatures of phylosymbiosis. Nature Microbiology 7:810–819. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01125-9
- Bosch, T. C. G., and McFall-Ngai, M. J. 2011. Metaorganisms as the new frontier. Zoology 114:185–190. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2011.04.001
- Brady, N. C., and Weil, R. 2014. Elements of the nature and properties of soils: Pearson new international edition, 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson.
- Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., and Segre, J. A. 2018. The human skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology 16:143–155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157
- Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J. A., and Holmes, S. P. 2016. DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nature Methods 13:581–583. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3869
- Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., Huttley, G. A., Kelley, S. T., Knights, D., Koenig, J. E., Ley, R. E., Lozupone, C. A., McDonald, D., Muegge, B. D., Pirrung, M., Reeder, J., Sevinsky, J. R., Turnbaugh, P. J., Walters, W. A., Widmann, J., Yatsunenko, T., Zaneveld, J., and Knight, R. 2010. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nature Methods 7: 335–336. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303
- Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Walters, W. A., Berg-Lyons, D., Huntley, J., Fierer, N., Owens, S. M., Betley, J., Fraser, L., Bauer, M., Gormley, N., Gilbert, J. A., Smith, G., and Knight, R. 2012. Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. The ISME Journal 6:1621–1624. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.8
- Chave, J. 2004. Neutral theory and community ecology. Ecology Letters 7:241–253. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00566.x
- Chemnitz, C., and Weigelt, J. 2015. Soil atlas facts and figures about earth, land and fields. Potsdam: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
- Chen, Z. X., and Dickson, D. W. 1998. Review of Pasteuria penetrans: Biology, ecology, and biological control potential. Journal of Nematology 30:313–340.
- Chiller, K., Selkin, B. A., and Murakawa, G. J. 2001. Skin microflora and bacterial infections of the skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 6:170–174. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00043.x
- Clark, L. C., and Hodgkin, J. 2014. Commensals, probiotics and pathogens in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Cellular Microbiology 16:27–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12234
- Czerneková, M., and Vinopal, S. 2021. The tardigrade cuticle. Limnological Review 21:127–146. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2021-0012
- Derycke, S., De Meester, N., Rigaux, A., Creer, S., Bik, H., Thomas, W. K., and Moens, T. 2016. Coexisting cryptic species of the Litoditis marina complex (Nematoda) show differential resource use and have distinct microbiomes with high intraspecific variability. Molecular Ecology 25:2093–2110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13597
- Dinan, T. G., Stilling, R. M., Stanton, C., Cryan, J. F. 2015. Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior. Journal of Psychiatric Research 63:1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.021
- Dirksen, P., Marsh, S. A., Braker, I., Heitland, N., Wagner, S., Nakad, R., Mader, S., Petersen, C., Kowallik, V., Rosenstiel, P., Félix, M. -A., and Schulenburg, H. 2016. The native microbiome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: Gateway to a new host-microbiome model. BMCBiology 14:38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0258-1
- Dixon, P. 2003. VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 14:927–930. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x
- Doran, P. T., McKay, C. P., Clow, G. D., Dana, G. L., Fountain, A. G., Nylen, T., and Lyons, W. B. 2002. Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 107:4772. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002045
- Douglas, A. E. 1996. Reproductive failure and the free amino acid pools in pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum lacking symbiotic bacteria. Journal of Insect Physiology 42:247–255.
- Douglas, A. E. 2014. Symbiosis as a general principle in eukaryotic evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 6:a016113–a016113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016113
- Eisenback, J. D. 1986. A comparison of techniques useful for preparing nematodes for scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Nematology 18:479–487.
- Elhady, A., Giné, A., Topalovic, O., Jacquiod, S., Sørensen, S. J., Sorribas, F. J., and Heuer, H. 2017. Microbiomes associated with infective stages of root-knot and lesion nematodes in soil. PLOS ONE 12:e0177145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177145
- Engel, K., Sauer, J., Jünemann, S., Winkler, A., Wibberg, D., Kalinowski, J., Tauch, A., and Caspers, B. A. 2018. Individual- and species-specific skin microbiomes in three different estrildid finch species revealed by 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial Ecology 76:518–529. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1130-8
- Fountain, A. G., Lyons, W. B., Burkins, M. B., Dana, G. L., Doran, P. T., Lewis, K. J., McKnight, D. M., Moorhead, D. L., Parsons, A. N., Priscu, J. C., Wall, D. H., Wharton Jr., R. A., and Virginia, R. A. 1999. Physical controls on the Taylor Valley ecosystem, Antarctica. BioScience 49:961–971. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/bisi.1999.49.12.961
- Frisch, D., Green, A. J., Figuerola, J. 2007. High dispersal capacity of a broad spectrum of aquatic invertebrates via waterbirds. Aquatic Sciences 69: 568–574. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0915-0
- Grice, E. A., and Segre, J. A. 2011. The skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology 9:244–253. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2537
- Guidetti, R., Vecchi, M., Ferrari, A., Newton, I. L. G., Cesari, M., and Rebecchi, L. 2019. Further insights in the Tardigrada microbiome: Phylogenetic position and prevalence of infection of four new Alphaproteobacteria putative endosymbionts. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188:925–937. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz128
- Hammer, T. J., Sanders, J. G., and Fierer, N. 2019. Not all animals need a microbiome. FEMS Microbiology Letters 366:fnz117. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnz117
- Harvey, S. C. 2009. Non-dauer larval dispersal in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Experimental Zoology 312B:224–230. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21287
- Hirzel, A. H., and Lay, G. L. 2008. Habitat suitability modelling and niche theory. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:1372–1381. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01524.x
- Hodda, M. 2022. Phylum Nematoda: feeding habits for all valid genera using a new, universal scheme encompassing the entire phylum, with descriptions of morphological characteristics of the stoma, a key, and discussion of the evidence for trophic relationships. Zootaxa 5114:318–451. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.3
- Jenkins, W. R. 1964. A rapid centrifugal-flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Reporter 48:692.
- Kaczmarek, Ł., Roszkowska, M., Poprawa, I., Janelt, K., Kmita, H., Gawlak, M., Fiałkowska, E., and Mioduchowska, M. 2020. Integrative description of bisexual Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. (Macrobiotidae) from republic of Madagascar (Africa) with microbiome analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 145:106730. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106730
- Kaplan, F., Alborn, H. T., von Reuss, S. H., Ajredini, R., Ali, J. G., Akyazi, F., Stelinski, L. L., Edison, A. S., Schroeder, F. C., and Teal, P. E. 2012. Interspecific nematode signals regulate dispersal behavior. PLoS ONE 7:e38735. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038735
- Komárek, J., Katovský, J., Ventura, S., Turicchia, S. A., and Šmarda, S. 2009. The cyanobacterial genus Phormidesmis. Algological Studies 129:41–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2009/0129-0041
- Laforest-Lapointe, I., and Arrieta, M. -C. 2018. Microbial eukaryotes: A missing link in gut microbiome studies. MSystems 3:e00201–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00201-17
- Lemieux-Labonté, V., Tromas, N., Shapiro, B. J., and Lapointe, F. -J. 2016. Environment and host species shape the skin microbiome of captive neotropical bats. PeerJ 4:e2430. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2430
- Marchesi, J. R. 2010. Chapter 2 - prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity of the human gut. Advances in Applied Microbiology 72:43–62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(10)72002-5
- Martin, M. 2011. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.Journal 17:10–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14806/ej.17.1.200
- Martinez Arbizu, P. 2022. PairwiseAdonis: Pairwise multilevel comparison using Adonis. R Package Version 0.4. Available at: https://github.com/pmartinezarbizu/pairwiseAdonis
- McKnight, D., Niyogia, E., Algera, L., Conovitz, E., and Tate, A. 1999. Dry Valley streams in Antarctica: Ecosystems waiting for water. BioScience 49:985–995. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/bisi.1999.49.12.985
- McQueen, J. P., Gattoni, K., Gendron, E., Schmidt, S. K., Sommers, P., and Porazinska, D. L. 2022. Host identity is the dominant factor in the assembly of nematode and tardigrade gut microbiomes in Antarctic Dry Valley streams. Scientific Reports. 12:20118. Available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24206-5
- Mioduchowska, M., Nitkiewicz, B., Roszkowska, M., Kačarević, U., Madanecki, P., Pinceel, T., Namiotko, T., Gołdyn, B., and Kaczmarek, Ł. 2021. Taxonomic classification of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia based on next-generation sequencing: Is there molecular evidence for its presence in tardigrades? Genome 64:951–958. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2020-0036
- Muletz Wolz, C. R., Yarwood, S. A., Grant, E. H. C., Fleischer, R. C., and Lips, K. R. 2018. Effects of host species and environment on the skin microbiome of Plethodontid salamanders. Journal of Animal Ecology 87:341–353. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12726
- Nemergut, D. R., Schmidt, S. K., Fukami, T., O’Neill, S. P., Bilinski, T. M., Stanish, L. F., Knelman, J. E., Darcy, J. L., Lynch, R. C., Wickey, P., and Ferrenberg, S. 2013. Patterns and processes of microbial community assembly. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 77:342–356. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00051-12
- Nkem, J. N., Wall, D. H., Virginia, R. A., Barrett, J. E., Broos, E. M., Porazinska, D. L., and Adams, B. J. 2006. Wind dispersal of soil invertebrates in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Polar Biology 29:346–352. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0061-x
- Oksanen, J., Simpson, G. L., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P. R., O’Hara, R. B., Solymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., Szoecs, E., Wagner, H., Barbour, M., Bedward, M., Bolker, B., Borcard, D., Carvalho, G., Chirico, M., De Cáceres, M., Durand, S., Evangelista, H. B. A., FitzJohn, R., Friendly, M., Furneaux, B., Hannigan, G., Hill, M. O., Lahti, L., McGlinn, D., Ouellette, M. -H., Cunha, E. R., Smith, T., Stier, A., ter Braak, C. J. F., and Weedon, J. 2019. Vegan: Community ecology package. Available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
- O’Neill, C. A., Monteleone, G., McLaughlin, J. T., and Paus, R. 2016. The gut-skin axis in health and disease: A paradigm with therapeutic implications. BioEssays 38:1167–1176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201600008
- Peixoto, R. S., Harkins, D. M., and Nelson, K. E. 2021. Advances in microbiome research for animal health. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 9: 289–311. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907
- Porazinska, D. L., Wall, D. H., and Virginia, R. A. 2002. Population age structure of nematodes in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: Perspectives on time, space, and habitat suitability. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34:159–168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2002.12003480
- Prado-Irwin, S. R., Bird, A. K., Zink, A. G., and Vredenburg, V. T. 2017. Intraspecific variation in the skin-associated microbiome of a terrestrial salamander. Microbial Ecology 74:745–756. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-0986-y
- Ptatscheck, C., Gansfort, B., and Traunspurger, W. 2018. The extent of wind-mediated dispersal of small metazoans, focusing nematodes. Scientific Reports 8:6814. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24747-8
- Quast, C., Pruesse, E., Yilmaz, P., Gerken, J., Schweer, T., Yarza, P., Peplies, J., and Glöckner, F. O. 2013. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Research 41 :D590–D596. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219
- R Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at: https://www.R-project.org/
- Raabová, L., Kovacik, L., Elster, J., and Strunecký, O. 2019. Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis. Phytotaxa 395:1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.1.1
- Rae, R., Riebesell, M., Dinkelacker, I., Wang, Q., Herrmann, M., Weller, A. M., Dieterich, C., and Sommer, R. J. 2008. Isolation of naturally associated bacteria of necromenic Pristionchus nematodes and fitness consequences. Journal of Experimental Biology 211:1927– 1936. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.014944
- Raymann, K., and Moran, N. A. 2018. The role of the gut microbiome in health and disease of adult honey bee workers. Current Opinion in Insect Science 26:97–104. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.012
- Rivera, D. E., Lažetić, V., Troemel, E. R., and Luallen, R. J. 2022. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize microbial colonization and infection in the Caenorhabditis elegans intestines. Microbiology. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.26.482129
- Ross, A. A., Müller, K. M., Weese, J. S., and Neufeld, J. D. 2018. Comprehensive skin microbiome analysis reveals the uniqueness of human skin and evidence for phylosymbiosis within the class Mammalia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115:E5786–E5795. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801302115
- Ross, A. A., Hoffmann, A. R., and Neufeld, J. D. 2019. The skin microbiome of vertebrates. Microbiome 7:79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0694-6
- Salem, I., Ramser, A., Isham, N., and Ghannoum, M. A. 2018. The gut microbiome as a major regulator of the gut-skin axis. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:1459. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01459
- Schill, R. O. 2018. Water bears: The biology of tardigrades, vol. 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Schuelke, T., Pereira, T. J., Hardy, S. M., and Bik, H. M. 2018. Nematode-associated microbial taxa do not correlate with host phylogeny, geographic region or feeding morphology in marine sediment habitats. Molecular Ecology 27:1930–1951. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14539
- Searle, S. R., Speed, F. M., and Milliken, G. A. 1980. Population marginal means in the linear model: An alternative to least squares means. The American Statistician 34:216–221.
- Seinhorst, J. W. 1962. Modifications of the elutriation method for extracting nematodes from soil. Nematologica 8:117–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/187529262X00332
- Sender, R., Fuchs, S., and Milo, R. 2016. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLOS Biology 14:e1002533. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533
- Shapiro, D. I., Berry, E. C., and Lewis, L. C. 1993. Interactions between nematodes and earthworms: Enhanced dispersal of Steinernema carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology 25:189–192.
- Shaw, E. A., Adams, B. J., Barrett, J. E., Lyons, W. B., Virginia, R. A., and Wall, D. H. 2018. Stable C and N isotope ratios reveal soil food web structure and identify the nematode Eudorylaimus antarcticus as an omnivore-predator in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Polar Biology 41:1013–1018. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2243-8
- Tan, L., and Darby, C. 2004. A movable surface: Formation of Yersinia sp. biofilms on motile Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Bacteriology 186:5087–5092. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.15.5087-5092.2004
- Thomazeau, S., Houdan-Fourmont, A., Couté, A., Duval, C., Couloux, A., Rousseau, F., and Bernard, C. 2010. The contribution of Sub-Saharan African strains to the phylogeny of cyanobacteria: Focusing on the Nostocaceae (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria). Journal of Phycology 46:564–579. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00836.x
- Thursby, E., Juge N. 2017. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochemical Journal 474:1823–1836. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510
- Treonis, A. M., Wall, D. H., and Virginia, R. A. 1999. Invertebrate biodiversity in Antarctic Dry Valley soils and sediments. Ecosystems 2:482–492. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900096
- Vafeiadou, A-M., Derycke, S., Rigaux, A., De Meester, N., Guden, R. M., Moens, T. 2022. Microbiome Differentiation Among Coexisting Nematode Species in Estuarine Microhabitats: A Metagenetic Analysis. Frontiers in Marine Ecosystem Ecology 9:881566. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.881566
- Vanschoenwinkel, B., Waterkeyn, A., Vandecaetsbeek, T., Pineau, O., Grillas, P., and Brendonck, L. 2008. Dispersal of freshwater invertebrates by large terrestrial mammals: A case study with wild boar Sus scrofa in Mediterranean wetlands. Freshwater Biology 53(11):2264–2273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02071.x
- Vecchi, M., Newton, I. L. G., Cesari, M., Rebecchi, L., and Guidetti, R. 2018. The microbial community of tardigrades: Environmental influence and species specificity of microbiome structure and composition. Microbial Ecology 76:467–481. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1134-4
- Wall, D. H. 2007. Global change tipping points: above- and below-ground biotic interactions in a low diversity ecosystem. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 362:2291–2306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1950
- Whitehead, A. G., and J. R. Hemming. 1965. A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology 55:25–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07864.x
- Wickham, H. 2016. Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag. Available at: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/
- Yang, P., and van Elsas, J. D. 2018. Mechanisms and ecological implications of the movement of bacteria in soil. Applied Soil Ecology 129:112–120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.014
- Yeates, G. W. 1970. Two terrestrial nematodes from the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica, with a note on Anaplectus arenicola killick, 1964. Journal of Helminthology 44:27–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00021416
- Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., Goede, R., Georgieva. S. 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera-An Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25:315-331 17
- Zawierucha, K., Trzebny, A., Buda, J., Bagshaw, E., Franzetti, A., Dabert, M., and Ambrosini, R. 2022. Trophic and symbiotic links between obligate-glacier water bears (Tardigrada) and cryoconite microorganisms. PLOS ONE 17:e0262039. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262039
- Zhang, F., Berg, M., Dierking, K., Félix, M.-A., Shapira, M., Samuel, B. S., and Schulenburg, H. 2017. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for microbiome research. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:485. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00485
- Zhou, J., and Ning, D. 2017. Stochastic community assembly: Does it matter in microbial ecology? Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 81 :e00002-17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00002-17
Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 2, 2022
Published on: Mar 9, 2023
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2023 J. Parr McQueen, K. Gattoni, E.M.S. Gendron, S.K. Schmidt, P. Sommers, D. L. Porazinska, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.