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Molecular and morphological characterization of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Corn (Zea mays) in South Carolina

Journal of Nematology
Volume 55 (2023): Issue 1 (February 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Feb 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female specimen, anterior end, arrow pointing toward the excretory pore; B: Female specimen, head; C: Female specimen, face view; D: Lateral field (midbody); E: Female specimen, anal opening; F: Female specimen, vulval opening; G: Male specimen, spicule; H: Female specimen, arrow showing the anal opening; I: Female specimen, tail; J: Male specimen, posterior end.
Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female specimen, anterior end, arrow pointing toward the excretory pore; B: Female specimen, head; C: Female specimen, face view; D: Lateral field (midbody); E: Female specimen, anal opening; F: Female specimen, vulval opening; G: Male specimen, spicule; H: Female specimen, arrow showing the anal opening; I: Female specimen, tail; J: Male specimen, posterior end.

Figure 2

Photomicrographs of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. males and females. A–B: Anterior end with arrows pointing toward the excretory pore; C: Excretory pore; D: Areolated lateral field; E: Entire female body; F: Female basal bulb; G: Female gonad; H–I: female posterior end with arrow pointing the anal area (H); J: Female vulva region with arrow pointing toward the spermatheca; K: Male spicule.
Photomicrographs of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. males and females. A–B: Anterior end with arrows pointing toward the excretory pore; C: Excretory pore; D: Areolated lateral field; E: Entire female body; F: Female basal bulb; G: Female gonad; H–I: female posterior end with arrow pointing the anal area (H); J: Female vulva region with arrow pointing toward the spermatheca; K: Male spicule.

Figure 3

Line drawings of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female lip region showing stylet; C: Areolated lateral field; D: Male spicule, gubernaculum, and bursa. E: Vulval region showing vulva, uterus, and spermatheca; F–G: female tails.
Line drawings of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female lip region showing stylet; C: Areolated lateral field; D: Male spicule, gubernaculum, and bursa. E: Vulval region showing vulva, uterus, and spermatheca; F–G: female tails.

Figure 4

Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 1585 bp alignment of 18S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Aphelenchoides besseyi as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 1585 bp alignment of 18S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Aphelenchoides besseyi as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5

Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from an 822 bp alignment of 28S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus mucronatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from an 822 bp alignment of 28S rRNA sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus mucronatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 6

Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 418 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Tylenchus zeae n. sp. with other select Tylenchidae, as inferred from a 418 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI sequences, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MrBayes (MB) as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches, with Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Morphometrics of Tylenchus zeae n_ sp_ All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± standard deviation (range)_

CharacterHolotypeFemale (n = 9)(Male n = 4)
L830830.0 ± 39.3 (765.0–895.0)813.0 ± 45 (775.0–885.0)
Stylet2020.0 ± 0.7 (20.0–22.0)20.0 (20.0–20.0)
MBW2725.0±2.58 (20.0–30.0)22.0 (20.0–25.0)
Ant. end to exc. pore distance102103.0 ± 6.0 (92.0–115.0)—
Ant. end to esophago-intestinal valve122123.0 ± 5.5 (115.0–130.0)123.0 ± 2.0 (120.0–125.0)
Tail112121.0 ± 5.9 (112.0–127.0)127.0 ± 5.0 (122.0–135.0)
a3133.0 ± 3.7 (28.0–42.0)37.0 ± 2.0 (35.0–39.0)
b77.0 ± 0.5 (6.0–8.0)7.0 ± 0.4 (6.0–7.0)
c77.06.0 ± 0.3 (6.0–7.0)
V%6363.0 ± 1.2 (61–65%)—
Anal body width1515 ± 1.28 (12.0–17.0)13.0 (12.0–14.0)
Spicules——21.0 ± 1.0 (20.0–23.0)
Gubernaculum——6.0 ± 0.5 (5.0–6.0)

Measurements for Tylenchus zeae n_ sp_ comparison with T_ rex and T_ sherianus female populations_ Measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± standard deviation (range)_

CharacterT. zeae n. sp. (n = 9)T. sherianus Andrassy (1979)T. rex Brzeski (1996) (n = 12)T. rex Andrassy (1979)T. rex Geraert (2008)
L830.0 ± 39.3 (765.0–895.0)750–8401007.0 ± 52.4 (963.0–1087.0)960.0–980.0960–1009
Stylet20.3 ± 0.7 (20.0–22.0)19–2020.4 ± 0.4 (19.5–205)20.0–21.019–21
MBW26.0 (20.0–30.0)—30.7 (based on author calculations)——
Ant. to exc. pore distance103.0 ± 6.0 (92.0–115.0)—130.0 ± 4.9 (121.0–157.0)——
Ant. to esophago-intestinal valve123.0 ± 5.5 (115.0–130.0)—151.0 ± 4.4 (142.0–157.0)—133–157
Tail120.0 ± 5.9 (112.0–127.0)100–116134.0 ± 4.7 (127.0–141.0)134.0–160.0127–160
a33.0 ± 3.7 (28.0–42.0)25–2832.8 ± 1.9 (30.0–36.0)32.0–34.0—
b7.0 ± 0.5 (6.0–8.0)5.7–6.06.7 ± 0.3 (6.4–7.3)6.8–7.0—
c7.06.8–8.07.5 ± 0.4 (7.0–8.4)6.0–7.16.0–8.4
V%63.0 ± 1.2 (61–65%)65–6864.9 ± 0.8 (63.0–66.0)61.0–63.061–66
MB%—4344.2 ± 0.8 (43–45)43–4543–45
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: May 12, 2022
Published on: Feb 28, 2023
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
18S,
28S,
Corn,
DNA sequencing,
Molecular phylogeny,
Morphology,
Nematode,
New species,
Taxonomy,
n. sp.
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2023 Mihail R. Kantor, Zafar A. Handoo, Sergei A. Subbotin, Joseph D. Mowery, Maria N. Hult, Stephen Rogers, Andrea M. Skantar, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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