Figure 1
Dose–response relationship between extract concentration and percentage of J2 inhibition. RAE, Raphanus sativus aqueous extracts; RME, Raphanus sativus methanol extract.
Table 1
Correlation between nematicidal and antioxidant activity of the tested compounds (n = 3).
| Compound | MW (g/mol) | EC50/24 h (μg/ml) | EC50 DPPH (μg/ml) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raphasatin | 159.27 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 92 ± 18 |
| Benzylisothiocyanate | 149.21 | 1.9 ± 0.3a | 90 ± 17 |
| Erucin | 165.21 | 3.2 ± 1.7a | 43 ± 12 |
| Allylisothiocyanate | 99.15 | 6.6 ± 2.5a | 32 ± 4.3 |
| Methylisothiocyanate | 73.12 | 7.9 ± 3.1a | 20 ± 2.6 |
| Pentylisothiocyanate | 129.23 | 11.1 ± 5.0a | 9.4 ± 1.7 |
| Hexylisothiocyanate | 127.18 | 11.3 ± 2.6a | nt |
| Butylisothiocyanatec | 115.20 | 12 ± 8.0a | 9.1 ± 1.5 |
| Sulforaphane | 177.3 | 152 ± 35a | nt |
| Iberin | 163.3 | 180 ± 21a | 6.55 ± 1.1 |
| Isobutylisothiocyanate | 115.20 | >200a | 5.3 ± 0.9 |
| Phenylisothiocyanate | 135.19 | >1,000a | 2.6 ± 0.7 |
| Fosthiazate | 283.35 | 0.4 ± 0.3a | nt |
| Ascorbic acid | 170.12 | nt | 1.15 ± 0.9b |
[i] EC50/24 h: Half maximal effective concentration of the tested compounds on J2 after 24 hr
EC50DPPH: Half maximal effective concentration of the tested compounds to scavenge DPPH
aData reported by Aissani et al. (2015).
bData reported by Aissani et al. (2017).
cThis compound has a fumigant activity.
MW, molecular weight; nt, not tested.
Figure 2
Nematodes treated by 5 μg/ml of raphasatin (A) or fosthiazate (B). Nematodes were paralyzed in a straight shape, and internal vacuoles were evident in (A) while in (B) they were paralyzed in a coiling shape.