Integrated Management of Meloidogyne incognita and Soilborne Fungi Infecting Cucumber under Protected Cultivation

Figures & Tables

S. No.	Management strategies	Management method	Material used	Application methods	Time of application	Doses
1	Chemical	Fumigant	Formalin	Fumigation	20 days before sowing	30%, i.e., 250 ml/m²
		Nonfumigant	Carbofuran	Soil application	Before sowing	10 g/m²
		Fungicide	Bavistin	Drenching	Before sowing	2 g/l water
2	Biological	Egg-parasitic fungus	Purpureocillium lilacinum	Soil application	15 days before sowing	50 g/m²
				Seed treatment	6 hours before	20 g/kg
					sowing	seed
3	Cultural	Organic amendment	Neem cake	Soil application	15 days before sowing	200 g/m²
			Neem leaves	Soil application	15 days before sowing	200 g/m²
			Neem oil	Seed treatment	6 hours before sowing	20% v/w
4	Check	-	-	-		Untreated infested

S. No.	Treatments
1	Neem cake 200 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w
2	Neem cake 200 g/m² + Purpureocillium lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed
3	Neem leaves 200 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w
4	Neem leaves 200 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed
5	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w
6	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed
7	Formalin 250 ml/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed
8	Formalin 250 ml/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w
9	Carbofuran 10 g/m²
10	Bavistin 2 g/l water
11	Control (inoculated)

Sr.No.	Treatments	First season				Second season

		Egg masses per plant	Galls per plant	Final nematode population 200 cm³ soil^-1	Reproduction factor	Egg masses per plant	Galls per plant	Final nematode population 200 cm3 soil^-1	Reproduction factor
1	Neem cake 200 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	185^e	210^f	250^e	0.8	166^f	203^e	238^e	0.9
2	Neem cake 200 g/m² + Purpureocillium lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	95^b	112^C'	217^C	0.7	85^c	103^c	201^c	0.8
3	Neem leaves 200 g/m²2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	224^g	241^h	340^h	1.2	217^h	230^h	328^h	1.3
4	Neem leaves 200 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	195^f	220^f,g	275^f	0.9	183^g	214^f	262^f	1.0
5	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	215^g	230^g	315^g	1.0	208^h	221^g	312^g	1.2
6	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/ m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	160^d	198^e	238^d	0.8	145^e	181^d	233^e	0.9
7	Formalin 250 ml/ m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	55^a	75b	170b	0.5	48^b	73^b	161^b	0.6
8	Formalin 250 ml/ m² + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w	48^a	60^a	155^a	0.5	32^a	53^a	141^a	0.5
9	Carbofuran 10 g/m²	145^c	185^c	218^c	0.7	126d	180c	214d	0.8
10	Bavistin 2 g/l water	456^h	485ⁱ	718ⁱ	2.4	446ⁱ	482ⁱ	696ⁱ	2.7
11	Control (inoculated)	553ⁱ	570ⁱ	890ⁱ	3.0	560ⁱ	594ⁱ	902ⁱ	3.5

Sr. No.	Treatments	Percent fungal incidence
		First season		Second season

		15 d after	30 d after	15 d after	30 d after
		sowing	sowing	sowing	sowing
1	Neem cake 200 g/m^{2 +} neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	13^a,b,c	20^b,c	27^a	33^c,d
2	Neem cake 200 g/m² + Purpureocillium lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	13^a,b,c	13^a,b	27^a	20^b,c
3	Neem leaves 200 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	20^b,c	20^b,c,d	33^a	33^c,d
4	Neem leaves 200 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	20^a,b,c	20^b,c	27^a	20^b,c
5	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	20^b,c	27^b,c,d	33^a	40^d,e
6	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	27^b,c	33^c,d	33^a	40^d,e,
7	Formalin 250 ml/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	7^a,b	7^a,b	20^a	14^a,b
8	Formalin 250 ml/m² + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w	1^a	1^a	14^a	1^a
9	Carbofuran 10 g/m²	27^b,c	33^d	33^a	53^e
10	Bavistin 2 g/l water	33^b,c	40^c,d	33^a	40^d,e
11	Control (inoculated)	47^c	80^e	40^a	93^f

Sr. no.	Treatments	First season			Second season

		Shoot length (cm)	Dry shoot weight (g)	Dry root weight (g)	Yield (t/ha)	Shoot length (cm)	Dry root weight (g)	Yield (t/ha)
1	Neem cake 200 g/ m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	176.4^e,f	26.7^b,c,d	8.58^b,c,d	52.0^f	172.7^e,f	9.00^d,e	61.3^e
2	Neem cake 200 g/ m² + Purpureocillium lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	180.6^f,g	35.4^e	11.58^c,d	64.7ⁱ	184.0^h	14.33^g,h	74.7^h,i
3	Neem leaves 200 g/ m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	160.4^c	21.6^b	7.52^b,c	37.3^c	155.0^c	7.00^b,c	60.0^d,e
4	Neem leaves 200 g/ m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	170.2^d,e	24.6^b,c	8.26^b,c	47.7^e	167.3^d,e	8.30^c,d	56.3^c,d
5	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/ m² + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w	163.2^c,d	22.9^b,c	8.11^b,c	42.7^d	161.7^c,d	7.67^b,c,d	53.0^c
6	P. lilacinum soil application 50 g/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	176.5^e,f	28.6^c,d	8.51^b,c,d	54.0^f,g	174.7^f,g	10.33^e,f	64.3^e,f
7	Formalin 250 ml/m² + P. lilacinum seed treatment 20 g/kg seed	179.6^e,f,g	31.6^d,e	9.58^b,c,d	56.7^g,h	180.0^g,h	11.00^f	67.7^f,g
8	Formalin 250 ml/ m² + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w	186.6 ^g	36.7^e	12.58^d	70.7^j	197.9ⁱ	15.67^h	77.3ⁱ
9	Carbofuran 10 g/m²	177.9^e,f,g	33.2^d,e	10.58^b,c,d	59.3^h	181.7^g,h	13.00^g	70.3^g,h
10	Bavistin 2 g/l water	128.0^b	22.6^b,c	6.58^b	32.7^a	132.0^b	6.00^b	33.3^b
11	Control (inoculated)	107.2^a	7.4^a	2.58^a	22.0^b	107.2^a	2.91^a	25.0^a