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Temperature Effects on Development of Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. floridensis Cover

Temperature Effects on Development of Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. floridensis

Journal of Nematology
Volume 54 (2022): Issue 1 (February 2022)
By: Jeanny A. Velloso,  Mary Ann D. Maquilan,  Vicente P. Campos,  Janete A. Brito and  Donald W. Dickson  
Open Access
|Jun 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Growth stages of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. (A) vermiform, early J2 with no swelling; (B, C, D) mid-stage J2 with early swelling and conoid tail; and (E, F) late J2 with swollen body, rounded terminus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; and F = 10 μm.
Growth stages of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. (A) vermiform, early J2 with no swelling; (B, C, D) mid-stage J2 with early swelling and conoid tail; and (E, F) late J2 with swollen body, rounded terminus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; and F = 10 μm.

Figure 2

Developmental stages of Meloidogyne spp.; (A) third-stage juvenile (J3); (B) anterior part of a J3; (C) fourth-stage juvenile (J4); (D) anterior part of a J4; (E) female; and (F) egg-laying globose female. Scale bars: A, E, and F = 50 μm; B, C, and D = 10 μm.
Developmental stages of Meloidogyne spp.; (A) third-stage juvenile (J3); (B) anterior part of a J3; (C) fourth-stage juvenile (J4); (D) anterior part of a J4; (E) female; and (F) egg-laying globose female. Scale bars: A, E, and F = 50 μm; B, C, and D = 10 μm.

Figure 3

Percentage of Meloidogyne spp. second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrating tomato roots grown under different temperature (25°C, 30°C, or 30-25°C [12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C]) at 5 DAI. Bars represent the grand means ± SE of the three Meloidogyne spp. (M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, and M. incognita race 3). The percentage of penetrated J2 was calculated by dividing the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system at 5 DAI over the initial inoculum concentration. Bars with different letter(s) indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). DAI, days after inoculation.
Percentage of Meloidogyne spp. second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrating tomato roots grown under different temperature (25°C, 30°C, or 30-25°C [12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C]) at 5 DAI. Bars represent the grand means ± SE of the three Meloidogyne spp. (M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, and M. incognita race 3). The percentage of penetrated J2 was calculated by dividing the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system at 5 DAI over the initial inoculum concentration. Bars with different letter(s) indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). DAI, days after inoculation.

Figure 4

Percentage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M. floridensis (Mf), and M. incognita race 3 (Mi3) developmental stages on tomato grown in a growth chamber for 29 DAI at 25°C (A), 30°C (B), and 30–25°C (C) (12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C). Percentage of nematodes in each developmental stage was based on the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system. A total of 78 root systems per RKN species were subjected to analysis. The increase of J2 at 30°C at 23 DAI for M. enterolobii, at 25 DAI for M. floridensis and M. incognita, and at 30–25°C at 29 DAI for M. floridensis represent the earliest observation of vermiform juveniles from the second generation. RKN, root-knot nematode; DAI, days after inoculation.
Percentage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M. floridensis (Mf), and M. incognita race 3 (Mi3) developmental stages on tomato grown in a growth chamber for 29 DAI at 25°C (A), 30°C (B), and 30–25°C (C) (12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C). Percentage of nematodes in each developmental stage was based on the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system. A total of 78 root systems per RKN species were subjected to analysis. The increase of J2 at 30°C at 23 DAI for M. enterolobii, at 25 DAI for M. floridensis and M. incognita, and at 30–25°C at 29 DAI for M. floridensis represent the earliest observation of vermiform juveniles from the second generation. RKN, root-knot nematode; DAI, days after inoculation.

CD and ADD required for first observation of each developmental stage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M_ floridensis (Mf), and M_ incognita race 3 (Mi3) on tomato inoculated with second-stage juveniles at different temperatures_

Meloidogyne spp.Developmental stagesaTemperature (°C)
25 30 30–25b
CDADDcCDADDCDADD
M. enterolobiiJ39130.67152.69144.1
J411159.49195.79144.1
Female11159.49195.711176.1
Egg-laying female21308.313285.717272.7
New-vermiform J2nadna23506.9nana
M. floridensisJ39130.67152.69144.1
J411159.49195.79144.1
Female11159.49195.79144.1
Egg-laying female17248.113285.717272.7
New-vermiform J2nana25552.329468.8
M. incognitaJ39130.67152.69144.1
J411159.49195.79144.1
Female11159.49195.711176.1
Egg-laying female17248.113285.717272.7
New-vermiform J2nana25552.3nana
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 2, 2021
Published on: Jun 10, 2022
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
degree-day,
development,
ecology,
life cycle,
pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode,
peach root-knot nematode,
temperature
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2022 Jeanny A. Velloso, Mary Ann D. Maquilan, Vicente P. Campos, Janete A. Brito, Donald W. Dickson, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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