Electrical Impedance tomography – recent applications and developments

Mansouri, Sofiene; Alharbi, Yousef; Haddad, Fatma; Chabcoub, Souhir; Alshrouf, Anwar; Abd-Elghany, Amr A.

doi:10.2478/joeb-2021-0007

Abstract

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a low-cost noninvasive imaging method. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the main aspects of the EIT method and to review the recent advances and developments. The advances in instrumentation and in the different image reconstruction methods and systems are demonstrated in this review. The main applications of the EIT are presented and a special attention made to the papers published during the last years (from 2015 until 2020). The advantages and limitations of EIT are also presented. In conclusion, EIT is a promising imaging approach with a strong potential that has a large margin of progression before reaching the maturity phase.

References

R. L. Simone Carmignato, Wim Dewulf, Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography. Springer; 1st ed., 2018.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. Purden, “Nuclear-medicine-2-Principles-and-technique-of-bone-scintigraphy,” Nurs. Times [online], vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 48–49, 2019.S.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Luo and T. Zhou, "Superiorization of EM algorithm and its application in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)," Inverse Probl. Imaging, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 223-246, Feb. 2014. 10.3934/ipi.2014.8.223
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
I. Fogelman, H. Van Der Wall, and G. Gnanasegaran, Radionuclide and hybrid bone imaging. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. 10.1007/978-3-642-02400-9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. Weiger and K. P. Pruessmann, "Short-T2 MRI: Principles and recent advances," Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, vol. 114-115. Elsevier B.V., pp. 237270, Oct. 01, 2019. 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.07.001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
H. Li, X. Meng, T. Wang, Y. Tang, and Y. Yin, "Breast masses in mammography classification with local contour features," Biomed. Eng. Online, vol. 16, no. 1, Apr. 2017. 10.1186/s12938-017-0332-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Leung, "Treatment of pediatric genitourinary malignancy with interstitial brachytherapy: Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute experience with four cases," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 393-398, Jan. 1995. 10.1016/0360-3016(94)E0127-6
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. Fuchs, M. Kachelrieß, and W. A. Kalender, "Technical advances in multi-slice spiral CT," Eur. J. Radiol., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 69-73, Nov. 2000. 10.1016/S0720-048X(00)00269-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Creditt, J. Tozer, M. Vitto, M. Joyce, and L. Taylor, Clinical Ultrasound. Springer International Publishing, 2018. 10.1007/978-3-319-68634-9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. J. Vaquero and P. Kinahan, "Positron Emission Tomography: Current Challenges and Opportunities for Technological Advances in Clinical and Preclinical Imaging Systems," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 17. Annual Reviews Inc., pp. 385-414, Dec. 07, 2015. 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040723
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. Dahlbom, Physics of PET and SPECT Imaging. CRC Press LLC, 2021.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. C. S. Brian M Dale, Mark A Brown, Ed., MRI: Basic Principles and Applications. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. P. Henderson and J. G. Webster, "An Impedance Camera for Spatially Specific Measurements of the Thorax," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. BME-25, no. 3, pp. 250-254, 1978. 10.1109/TBME.1978.326329
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Y. Sigmen, “Conception d’un module d’électrodes actives pour un système de tomographie d’impédance électrique bifréquence,” École Polytechnique de Montréal, 2012.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. H. Brown and A. D. Seagar, "The Sheffield data collection system," Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., vol. 8, no. 4A, pp. 91-97, 1987. 10.1088/0143-0815/8/4A/012
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. J. Singer and G. L. Nicolson, "The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes," Science, vol. 175, no. 4023, pp. 720-731, Feb. 1972. 10.1126/science.175.4023.720
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. K. Bera and J. Nagaraju, "Electrical impedance tomography (EIT): A harmless medical imaging modality," in Medical Imaging: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, IGI Global, 2016, pp. 71-115. 10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Hartinger, “Détection du cancer de la peau par tomographie d’impédance électrique,” Polytechnique Montréal, 2012.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. Tamura, M. Tenhunen, T. Lahtinen, T. Repo, and H. P. Schwan, "Modelling of the dielectric properties of normal and irradiated skin," Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 927-936, Jun. 1994. 10.1088/0031-9155/39/6/001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. A. Geddes and L. E. Baker, "The specific resistance of biological material-A compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist," Med. Biol. Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 271-293, May 1967. 10.1007/BF02474537
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
H. Liu, “A High-Resolution Microscopic Electrical Impedance Imaging Modality: Scanning Impedance Imaging,” Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology, 2014.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
O. Darrigol, "Electrodynamics from Ampère to Einstein," Physics Today, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 53, Jan. 12, 2002. 10.1063/1.1461329
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. Bernard, "Caractérisation électrique des tissus biologiques et calcul des phénomènes induits dans le corps humain par des champs électromagnétiques de fréquence inférieure au GHz," Ecole Centrale de Lyon ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Sep. 2007. Accessed: Jul. 05, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179791v3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
P. Grasland Mongrain, "Applications de la force de Lorentz," Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, Dec. 2013. Accessed: Jul. 05, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01160894
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
H. McCann, G. Pisano, and L. Beltrachini, "Variation in Reported Human Head Tissue Electrical Conductivity Values," Brain Topogr., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 825-858, Sep. 2019. 10.1007/s10548-019-00710-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. H. Brown, "Electrical impedance tomography (EIT): a review," J. Med. Eng. Technol., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 97-108, Jan. 2003. 10.1080/0309190021000059687
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J.-C. Gervais, "Système de tomographie d'impédance électrique modulaire et reconfigurable réalisé à l'aide d'un FPGA,” Polytechnique Montréal, 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. K. Bera and N. Jampana, "A multifrequency constant current source suitable for Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)," in International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology, ICSMB 2010 - Proceedings, 2010, pp. 278-283. 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735387
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. K. Bera, M. Saikia and J. Nagaraju, "A battery-based constant current source (Bb-CCS) for biomedical applications," 2013 Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2013, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICCCNT.2013.6726810.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
W. R. B. Lionheart, "EIT reconstruction algorithms: Pitfalls, challenges and recent developments," in Physiological Measurement, Feb. 2004, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 125-142. 10.1088/0967-3334/25/1/021
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. Jing, S. Liu, L. Zhihong, and S. Meng, "An image reconstruction algorithm based on the extended Tikhonov regularization method for electrical capacitance tomography," Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 368-376, Apr. 2009. 10.1016/j.measurement.2008.07.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. H. F. Ribeiro, R. W. Dos Santos, L. P. S. Barra, and F. C. Peters, "Simulation study on the determination of cardiac ejection fraction by electrical impedance tomography using a hybrid heuristic approach," J. Med. Imaging Heal. Informatics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 113-121, 2014. 10.1166/jmihi.2014.1235
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. K. Bera and J. Nagaraju, "Studies on thin film based flexible gold electrode arrays for resistivity imaging in electrical impedance tomography," Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 264-286, Jan. 2014. 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.08.064
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Q. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Cui, and C. Yang, "Reconstruction of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) images based on the expectation maximum (EM) method," ISA Trans., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 808-820, Nov. 2012. 10.1016/j.isatra.2012.04.011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
"Tomographie d'impédance électrique à l'aide d'une matrice de microélectrodes : vers l'imagerie des nerfs périphériques - TEL - Thèses en ligne." https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01580025 (accessed Jul. 06, 2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
G. Boverman et al., "Efficient simultaneous reconstruction of time-varying images and electrode contact impedances in electrical impedance tomography," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 795-806, Apr. 2017. 10.1109/TBME.2016.2578646
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Martin and C. T. M. Choi, "Electrical impedance tomography: A reconstruction method based on neural networks and particle swarm optimization," in IFMBE Proceedings, 2015, vol. 47, pp. 177-179. 10.1007/978-3-319-12262-5_49
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. Hrabuska, M. Prauzek, M. Venclikova, and J. Konecny, "Image Reconstruction for Electrical Impedance Tomography: Experimental Comparison of Radial Basis Neural Network and Gauss - Newton Method," in IFAC-PapersOnLine, Jan. 2018, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 438-443. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.07.114
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. K. Seo and E. J. Woo, Nonlinear Inverse Problems in Imaging. John Wiley and Sons, 2012. 10.1002/9781118478141
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. Kuen, E. J. Woo, and J. K. Seo, "Multi-frequency time-difference complex conductivity imaging of canine and human lungs using the KHU Mark1 EIT system," Physiol. Meas., vol. 30, no. 6, 2009. 10.1088/0967-3334/30/6/S10
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. K. Seo, J. Lee, S. W. Kim, H. Zribi, and E. J. Woo, "Frequency-difference electrical impedance tomography (fdEIT): Algorithm development and feasibility study," Physiol. Meas., vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 929-944, Aug. 2008. 10.1088/0967-3334/29/8/006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
E. Y. Brovman, C. A. Foley, A. H. Shen, E. E. Whang, and R. D. Urman, "Intraoperative Ventilation Patterns in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery," J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 14631470, Dec. 2018. 10.1089/lap.2018.0297
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. Cao et al., "Real-time imaging of infarction deterioration after ischemic stroke in rats using electrical impedance tomography," Physiol. Meas., vol. 41, no. 1, p. 015004, Feb. 2020. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab69ba
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. Karagiannidis et al., "Regional expiratory time constants in severe respiratory failure estimated by electrical impedance tomography: A feasibility study," Crit. Care, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-10, Sep. 2018. 10.1186/s13054-018-2137-3
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. C. Barber, "Electrical Impedance Tomography," in The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Second edi., J. D. Bronzino, Ed. CRC Press LLC, 2000.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. D. Bronzino, Biomedical Engineering Handbook. Taylor & Francis, 1999
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. C. Barber and B. H. Brown, "Recent Developments in Applied Potential Tomography-APT," in Information Processing in Medical Imaging, Springer Netherlands, 1986, pp. 106-121. 10.1007/978-94-009-4261-5_9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
E. Teschner, M. Imhoff, and S. Leonhardt, Electrical Impedance Tomography: The realisation of regional ventilation monitoring. Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, 2015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. Y. Chen, G. Hu, W. He, Y. L. Yang, and J. Q. Zhai, "A reconstruction method for electrical impedance tomography using particle swarm optimization," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2010, vol. 6329 LNCS, no. part 2, pp. 342-350. 10.1007/978-3-642-15597-0_38
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. R. S. Feitosa, R. R. Ribeiro, V. A. F. Barbosa, R. E. de Souza and W. P. dos Santos, "Reconstruction of electrical impedance tomography images using chaotic ring-topology particle swarm optimization and non-blind search," 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2014, pp. 2618-2623. 10.1109/SMC.2014.6974322
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu, Ruilan et al. “Study on PSO-tGN algorithm of bio-electrical impedance tomography system.” Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (2014): 5808-5811. 10.1109/WCICA.2014.7053712
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. GhasemAzar and B. V. Vahdat, "Error study of EIT inverse problem solution using neural networks," in ISSPIT 2007 - 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2007, pp. 894-899. 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458154
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Y. Aristovich, B. C. Packham, H. Koo, G. S. dos Santos, A. McEvoy, and D. S. Holder, "Imaging fast electrical activity in the brain with electrical impedance tomography," Neuroimage, vol. 124, no. Pt A, pp. 204-213, Jan. 2016. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.071
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Martin and C. T. M. Choi, "Nonlinear Electrical Impedance Tomography Reconstruction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 52, no. 3, Mar. 2016. 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2488901
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Adler et al. “GREIT: a unified approach to 2D linear EIT reconstruction of lung images,“ Physiol. Meas. 2009 Jun;30(6):S35-55. 10.1088/0967-3334/30/6/S03.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. Grychtol, W. R. B. Lionheart, M. Bodenstein, G. K. Wolf, and A. Adler, "Impact of model shape mismatch on reconstruction quality in electrical impedance tomography," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1754-1760, 2012. 10.1109/TMI.2012.2200904
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Q. Liu, T. I. Oh, H. Wi, E. J. Lee, J. K. Seo, and E. J. Woo, "Design of a microscopic electrical impedance tomography system using two current injections," Physiol. Meas., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1505-1516, Sep. 2011. 10.1088/0967-3334/32/9/011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. Grychtol, B. Müller, and A. Adler, “3D EIT image reconstruction with GREIT,” Physiol. Meas., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 785–800, 2016. 10.1088/0967-3334/37/6/785.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. J. Hamilton, W. R. B. Lionheart, and A. Adler, "Comparing D-bar and common regularization-based methods for electrical impedance tomography," Physiol. Meas., vol. 40, no. 4, p. 44004, Apr. 2019. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab14aa
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Y. Fan and L. Ying, "Solving electrical impedance tomography with deep learning," J. Comput. Phys., vol. 404, p. 109119, Mar. 2020. 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109119
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. J. Hamilton and A. Hauptmann, "Deep D-Bar: Real-Time Electrical Impedance Tomography Imaging With Deep Neural Networks," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 2367-2377, Oct. 2018. 10.1109/TMI.2018.2828303
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. McDermott, M. O'Halloran, E. Porter, and A. Santorelli, "Brain haemorrhage detection using a SVM classifier with electrical impedance tomography measurement frames," PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 7, p. e0200469, Jul. 2018. 10.1371/journal.pone.0200469
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Hannan, M. Faulkner, K. Aristovich, J. Avery, M. Walker, and D. Holder, "Imaging fast electrical activity in the brain during ictal epileptiform discharges with electrical impedance tomography," NeuroImage Clin., vol. 20, pp. 674-684, Jan. 2018. 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. K. Bera, "Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT): A Short Review," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 331, no. 1, 2018. 10.1088/1757-899X/331/1/012004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
X. Shi et al., "High-precision electrical impedance tomography data acquisition system for brain imaging," IEEE Sens. J., vol. 18, no. 14, pp. 5974-5984, Jul. 2018. 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2836336
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. Cao et al., "Real-time imaging of infarction deterioration after ischemic stroke in rats using electrical impedance tomography," Physiol. Meas., vol. 41, no. 1, p. 015004, Feb. 2020. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab69ba
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. Faulkner, S. Hannan, K. Aristovich, J. Avery, and D. Holder, "Feasibility of imaging evoked activity throughout the rat brain using electrical impedance tomography," Neuroimage, vol. 178, pp. 1-10, Sep. 2018. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.022
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. A. Khan and S. H. Ling, "Review on electrical impedance tomography: Artificial intelligence methods and its applications," Algorithms, vol. 12, no. 5. MDPI AG, p. 88, May 01, 2019. 10.3390/a12050088
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Witkowska-Wrobel, K. Aristovich, M. Faulkner, J. Avery, and D. Holder, "Feasibility of imaging epileptic seizure onset with EIT and depth electrodes," Neuroimage, vol. 173, pp. 311-321, Jun. 2018. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.056
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Hannan, M. Faulkner, K. Aristovich, J. Avery, M. C. Walker, and D. S. Holder, "In vivo imaging of deep neural activity from the cortical surface during hippocampal epileptiform events in the rat brain using electrical impedance tomography," Neuroimage, vol. 209, p. 116525, Apr. 2020. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116525
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Z. Zhao et al., "Spontaneous breathing trials after prolonged mechanical ventilation monitored by electrical impedance tomography: an observational study," Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1166-1175, 2017. 10.1111/aas.12959
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
L. Cao et al., "Real-time imaging of infarction deterioration after ischemic stroke in rats using electrical impedance tomography," Physiol. Meas., vol. 41, no. 1, p. 015004, Feb. 2020. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab69ba
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
B. McDermott, M. O'Halloran, E. Porter, and A. Santorelli, "Brain haemorrhage detection using a SVM classifier with electrical impedance tomography measurement frames," PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 7, p. e0200469, Jul. 2018. 10.1371/journal.pone.0200469
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. M. Mellenthin et al., "The ACE1 Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Thoracic Imaging," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 68, no. 9, 2018. 10.1109/TIM.2018.2874127
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Z. Zhao, F. Fu, and I. Frerichs, "Thoracic electrical impedance tomography in Chinese hospitals: A review of clinical research and daily applications," Physiol. Meas., vol. 41, no. 4, Apr. 2020. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab81df
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Z. Zhao et al., "Detection of pulmonary oedema by electrical impedance tomography: Validation of previously proposed approaches in a clinical setting," Physiol. Meas., vol. 40, no. 5, Jun. 2019. 10.1088/1361-6579/ab1d90
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. J. H. Heines, U. Strauch, M. C. G. van de Poll, P. M. H. J. Roekaerts, and D. C. J. J. Bergmans, "Clinical implementation of electric impedance tomography in the treatment of ARDS: a single centre experience," J. Clin. Monit. Comput., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 291-300, Apr. 2019. 10.1007/s10877-018-0164-x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
G. Franchineau et al., "Bedside contribution of electrical impedance tomography to setting positive end-expiratory pressure for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-treated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome," Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., vol. 196, no. 4, pp. 447-457, Aug. 2017. 10.1164/rccm.201605-1055OC
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. H. Gow, M. Y. Chang, Z. Zhao, and K. Möller, "Patient-ventilator asynchrony identified with electrical impedance tomography," in IFAC-PapersOnLine, Jan. 2018, vol. 51, no. 27, pp. 52-55. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.607
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Cammarata, "Techniques d’imagerie fonctionnelle du systeme respiratoire par tomographie d’impedance électrique,” École Polytechnique de Montréal, 2013
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
"Dräger PulmoVista® 500." https://www.draeger.com/en_uk/Products/PulmoVista-500(accessed Aug. 01, 2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. Putensen, B. Hentze, S. Muenster, and T. Muders, "Electrical Impedance Tomography for Cardio-Pulmonary Monitoring," J. Clin. Med., vol. 8, no. 8, p. 1176, 2019. 10.3390/jcm8081176
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
M. Graf and T. Riedel, "Electrical impedance tomography: Amplitudes of cardiac related impedance changes in the lung are highly position dependent," PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 11, Nov. 2017. 10.1371/journal.pone.0188313
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
F. Braun, M. Proença, A. Adler, T. Riedel, J. P. Thiran, and J. Solà, "Accuracy and reliability of noninvasive stroke volume monitoring via ECG-gated 3D electrical impedance tomography in healthy volunteers," PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 1, p. e0191870, Jan. 2018. 10.1371/journal.pone.0191870
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. Pikkemaat, S. Lundin, O. Stenqvist, R. D. Hilgers, and S. Leonhardt, "Recent advances in and limitations of cardiac output monitoring by means of electrical impedance tomography," Anesth. Analg., vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 76-83, 2014. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000241
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Mansouri, "Determination of Cardiac Output by Peripheral Electrical Bioimpedance," IEEJ Trans. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1321-1326, Sep. 2020. 10.1002/tee.23199
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
"Pulmotrace - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding." https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/pulmotrace(accessed Aug. 01, 2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
"CardioInspect Diagnostic and Monitoring Systems - ppt video online download." https://slideplayer.com/slide/9270570/ (accessed Aug. 01, 2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
F. Braun et al., "Limitations and challenges of EIT-based monitoring of stroke volume and pulmonary artery pressure," Physiol. Meas., vol. 39, no. 1, p. 014003, Jan. 2018. 10.1088/1361-6579/aa9828
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. Grondin, D. Wang, C. S. Grubb, N. Trayanova, and E. E. Konofagou, "4D cardiac electromechanical activation imaging," Comput. Biol. Med., vol. 113, Oct. 2019. 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103382
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. J. Halter et al., "Real-time electrical impedance variations in women with and without breast cancer," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 38-48, Jan. 2015. 10.1109/TMI.2014.2342719
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. Haemmerich, S. T. Staelin, J. Z. Tsai, S. Tungjitkusolmun, D. M. Mahvi, and J. G. Webster, "In vivo electrical conductivity of hepatic tumours," in Physiological Measurement, May 2003, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 251-260. 10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/302
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Mansouri, T. Alhadidi, and M. Ben Azouz, "Breast cancer detection using low-frequency bioimpedance device," Breast Cancer Targets Ther., vol. 12, pp. 109-116, 2020. 10.2147/BCTT.S274421
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
S. Hong et al., "A 4.9 mΩ-sensitivity mobile electrical impedance tomography IC for early breast-cancer detection system," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 245257, Jan. 2015. 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2355835
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
P. Åberg, "Skin cancer as seen by electrical impedance," 2004. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska institutet, 2004.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. V. Giblin and J. M. Thomas, "Incidence, mortality and survival in cutaneous melanoma," Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 3240, Jan. 01, 2007. 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.05.008
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A.E. Hartinger, R. Guardo, V. Kokta and H. Gagnon, “Microinvasive Electrical Impedance Tomography for Skin Cancer Screening”Conf. IEEE Canada , Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2011.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. Haemmerich, S. T. Staelin, J. Z. Tsai, S. Tungjitkusolmun, D. M. Mahvi, and J. G. Webster, "In vivo electrical conductivity of hepatic tumours," Physiol. Meas., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 251260, 2003. 10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/302
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. P. Moumbe, “Développement de l’unité centrale d’un système d’acquisition simultanée d’électroencéphalogrammes et de données de tomographie d’impédance électrique,” École Polytechnique de Montréal, 2011.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. A. Hope and S. E. Iles, "Technology review: The use of electrical impedance scanning in the detection of breast cancer," Breast Cancer Research, vol. 6, no. 2. Breast Cancer Res, pp. 69-74, Mar. 2004. 10.1186/bcr744
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. T. Soulsby, M. Khela, E. Yazaki, D. F. Evans, E. Hennessy, and J. Powell-Tuck, "Measurements of gastric emptying during continuous nasogastric infusion of liquid feed: Electric impedance tomography versus gamma scintigraphy," Clin. Nutr., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 671-680, Aug. 2006. 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. Sun, S. Tsuda, K. P. Zauner, and H. Morgan, "On-chip electrical impedance tomography for imaging biological cells," Biosens. Bioelectron., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1109-1115, Jan. 2010. 10.1016/j.bios.2009.09.036
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Z. Ren and W. Q. Yang, "Development of a Navigation Tool for Revision Total Hip Surgery Based on Electrical Impedance Tomography," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 2748-2757. 10.1109/TIM.2016.2608098
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Z. Ren and W. Q. Yang, "Visualisation of tooth surface by electrical capacitance tomography," Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 015021, Feb. 2017. 10.1088/2057-1976/3/1/015021
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. K. Khambampati, S. K. Konki, Y. J. Han, S. K. Sharma, and K. Y. Kim, “An Efficient Method to Determine the Size of Bladder Using Electrical Impedance Tomography.,” in TENCON, 2018, pp. 1933–1936. 10.1109/TENCON.2018.8650499
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
E. Dunne, A. Santorelli, B. McGinley, G. Leader, M. O'halloran, and E. Porter, "Supervised learning classifiers for electrical impedance-based bladder state detection," Sci. Rep., vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2018. 10.1038/s41598-018-23786-5
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Electrical Impedance tomography – recent applications and developments

Abstract

Paradigm

My account