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A scoping review of research on the turnover intention of military personnel in Taiwan Cover

A scoping review of research on the turnover intention of military personnel in Taiwan

Journal of Military Studies
AHEAD OF PRINT
By: Shonn ChengORCID,  Jai-Wen TsaiORCID and  Sung-Chan KuORCID  
Open Access
|Oct 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

A model of employee behaviour.
A model of employee behaviour.

Fig. 2:

PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

Fig. 3:

Trends in studies on the turnover intention of military personnel in Taiwan.
Trends in studies on the turnover intention of military personnel in Taiwan.

Fig. 4:

Hypothesised model and empirical findings [3].
Hypothesised model and empirical findings [3].

Factors in the work environment and three psychological needs

Factors in the work environmentPsychological needs
Social support acquisitionRelatedness
Perceived supervisor supportCompetence; relatedness
Job loadingCompetence
Internal marketingRelatedness
Organisational cultureRelatedness
Co-worker incivilityRelatedness
Perceived practicality of policiesCompetence, relatedness
Perceived organisational supportCompetence, relatedness
Organisational socialisationRelatedness
Person-organisation fitRelatedness
Person-job fitCompetence
Social responsibilityAutonomy; competence; relatedness
Work-family conflictAutonomy
UncertaintyCompetence

Summary of included studies: types of evidence

YearAuthornData sourceResearch designAnalytic approach
2003Shih and Tseng826SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalRegression
2006Lo and Chou399SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalRegression
2009Lin and Chung400SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalRegression
2011Day and Huang246SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalt-test; one-way ANOVA; regression
2014Wu186SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalt-test; one-way ANOVA; regression
2015Hsu and Tsai314SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalRegression
2016Tsai and Lee313SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalt-test; one-way ANOVA
2017Chang et al.281SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalSEM
2018Liu and Chen179SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalConditional process analysis
2018Wang and Huang176SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalt-test; regression
2019Chen and Huang994SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalHierarchical regression analysis
2019Hsu and Chiang345SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalt-test; one-way ANOVA
2019Li285SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalRegression
2019Cheng248SurveyRelational; cross-sectional;One-way ANOVA
2021Lee et al.318SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalMSEM
2023Chang and Hsiung444SurveyRelational; cross-sectionalSEM
2023Lee et al.302SurveyRelational; sequentialConditional process analysis

Summary of included studies: main findings

YearAuthorXMWCFocus
2003Shih and Tseng

  • Job stress

  • -anxiety and depression

  • -low self-esteem

  • -exhaustion

  • social support acquisition

  • -internal social support acquisition

  • -external social support acquisition

  • need for social support

  • -need for internal social support

  • -need for external social support

 Social support acquisition b, d
2006Lo and ChouPerceived supervisor support

  • Job-loading

  • achievement

  • motivation

  • -social-oriented

  • -individual-oriented

  • Gender

  • age

b, c, d
2009Lin and Chung

  • Internal marketing

  • -education and training

  • -management support

  • -internal and external communication

  • achievement motivation

  • -mastery

  • -work orientation

  • -competition

  • Organisational commitment

  • -value and efforts commitment

  • -retention commitment

 b, d
2011Day and Huang

  • Gender

  • rank

  • age

  • marital status

  • education

  • years of service

  • occupational specialties

  • salary

  • leadership style

  • organisational culture

  • physical working environment

  • job characteristics

  • family influence

  • peer collaboration

 b, c
2014Wu

  • Gender

  • age

  • marital status

  • rank

  • track

  • years of service

  • residence

  • job satisfaction

 c, d
2015Hsu and TsaiCo-worker incivilitySurface acting

  • Gender

  • age

  • education

  • years of service

  • years of service in the current position

b, c, d
2016Tsai and Lee

  • Gender

  • age

  • education

  • years of service

  • occupational specialties

  • marital status

 c
2017Chang et al.Practicality of perceived policiesPerceived organisational supportRank b, c
2018Liu and ChenOrganisational socialisationPerson–organisation fitLeadership style b
2018Wang and Huang

  • Gender

  • age

  • education

  • martial status

  • rank

  • years of service

  • occupational specialties

  • military units

  • job stress

  • job burnout

 c, d
2019Chen and HuangJob stressWell-being organisational commitment

  • Gender

  • rank

  • education

  • marital status

  • military units

b, c, d
2019Hsu and Chiang

  • Gender

  • age

  • education

  • years of service

 c
2019Li

  • Perceived risk

  • job satisfaction

  • Transformational leadership

  • organisational identification

 b, d
2019Cheng

  • Age

  • job characteristics

  • marital status

  • number of dependents

  • location of deployment

 c
2021Lee et al.Social responsibilityOrganisational identification

  • Gender

  • years of service

b, c
2023Chang and HsiungWork-family conflictJob burnoutGrit b, c, d
2023Lee et al.

  • Person-job misfit

  • -need-supply misfit

  • -demand-ability misfit

Organisational frustrationAuthoritarian leadership

  • Gender

  • years of service

  • track

  • power distance

  • uncertainty

b, c, d

Comparing factors in the work environment

YearAuthorFindings
2006Lo and ChouPerceived supervisor support ≈ job loading
2011Day and HuangOrganisational culture ≈ leadership style, physical work environment, job characteristics and peer collaboration
2017Chang et al.Perceived organisational support perceived practicality of policies
2018Liu and ChenPerson-organisation fit ≈ organisational socialisation
2023Lee et al.Person-job fit ≈ uncertainty
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jms-2025-0009 | Journal eISSN: 1799-3350 | Journal ISSN: 2242-3524
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Language: English
Submitted on: Mar 1, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 24, 2025
Published on: Oct 17, 2025
Published by: National Defense University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
military personnel,
turnover,
psychology,
work environment,
personal characteristics
Related subjects:
History,
Topics in history,
Military history,
Social sciences,
Political science,
Military policy

© 2025 Shonn Cheng, Jai-Wen Tsai, Sung-Chan Ku, published by National Defense University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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