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Long-term post traumatic growth after moral- and victim-traumas among Norwegian UN military peacekeepers: the impact of emotional distress and leadership Cover

Long-term post traumatic growth after moral- and victim-traumas among Norwegian UN military peacekeepers: the impact of emotional distress and leadership

Open Access
|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

Research model.
Research model.

Fig. 2:

Research from tests of the indirect effects of moral and victim trauma on post-traumatic growth via emotional distress. The analyses are based on different samples sizes, with n = 4 985 for the analysis involving victim trauma and n = 1 821 for the analysis involving moral trauma. All regression weights are unstandardized. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
Research from tests of the indirect effects of moral and victim trauma on post-traumatic growth via emotional distress. The analyses are based on different samples sizes, with n = 4 985 for the analysis involving victim trauma and n = 1 821 for the analysis involving moral trauma. All regression weights are unstandardized. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.

Descriptive based on the sample from regression analyses (n = 1458)

Correlations
MeanSDPossible range12345
1. Post-traumatic growth2.640.731 - 5
2. Moral trauma4.561.052 - 12.01
3. Victim trauma5.501.592 - 12.10.24
4. Number of contingents1.831.12.05.04.15
5. Years since first contingent285.71.01.05−.19.21

Proportions experiencing each trauma

Victim trauman%
I came under fire with handguns, artillery missiles or other weapons473883.7
I experienced being surrounded/ambushed111019.7
I experienced a situation/a moment where I thought I was going to die252044.6
Moral trauma
Were you involved in things that were morally questionable143073.4
Did you fail to do things that you now see that you should have done93848
Did you take a life while serving in UNIFIL1527.9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jms-2023-0003 | Journal eISSN: 1799-3350 | Journal ISSN: 2242-3524
Language: English
Page range: 40 - 50
Submitted on: Aug 15, 2022
Accepted on: Sep 7, 2023
Published on: Mar 11, 2024
Published by: National Defense University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2024 Olav Kjellevold Olsen, Sigurd William Hystad, Hans Jakob Bøe, Eidhamar Are, published by National Defense University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.