Proposals for the respective roles of AI-enhanced and human peer review
| Function | AI Role | Human-in-the-Loop Role |
|---|---|---|
| Screening of submitted manuscripts | Triage based on topic, novelty, ethics | Override AI errors; ensure contextual fit |
| Review assignment | Suggest reviewers based on topic, profiles | Ensure diversity, avoid COI |
| Statistics | Analyze models, p-values, power | Assess logic, applicability, overfitting |
| Compliance with the instructions to authors | Thoroughly analyze non-compliance with the instructions and correct | Confirm corrections |
| Reporting Standards | Check for EQUATOR guidelines compliance | Evaluate nuance and rationale for deviations |
| Fraud detection | Flag duplicate images, data anomalies | Confirm accuracy, avoid false accusations |
| Language/Clarity | Improve readability and grammar | Preserve scientific meaning and intent |
| Verification of the references | Check that references are pertinent and error-free | Override AI in nuanced citation issues |
| Scientific interpretation | Accelerated summaries from recent publications | Correct AI-proposed syntheses |
| Final decision | Offer structured recommendation | Formulate accountable accept/reject/revise decisions |