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An Analysis of the Prevalence of Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Nosema Spp. Pathogens of Free-Living Bee Colonies Cover

An Analysis of the Prevalence of Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Nosema Spp. Pathogens of Free-Living Bee Colonies

Journal of Apicultural Science
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By: Maria Iller,  Sylwia Koziatek-Sadłowska,  Ewa Mazur and  Rajmund Sokół  
Open Access
|Feb 2026

Authors

Maria Iller

maria.iller@uwm.edu.pl

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Olsztyn, Poland

Sylwia Koziatek-Sadłowska

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Olsztyn, Poland

Ewa Mazur

Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland

Rajmund Sokół

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Olsztyn, Poland
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2026-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439
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Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 14, 2024
|
Accepted on: Dec 22, 2025
|
Published on: Feb 16, 2026
Published by: Research Institute of Horticulture
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Crithidia mellificae,
Lotmaria passim,
free-living bee colonies,
Nosema spp.,
PCR
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Life sciences, other

© 2026 Maria Iller, Sylwia Koziatek-Sadłowska, Ewa Mazur, Rajmund Sokół, published by Research Institute of Horticulture
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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