Toxicity of Insecticides with Different Modes of Action to Apis Mellifera Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Waseem, Mohammad Abdul; Thakur, Meena

doi:10.2478/jas-2023-0010

Abstract

Pesticides are one of the elements that lead to the decline in honeybee populations. Honey bee while foraging collect nectar and pollen from various crops, can be exposed to pesticide residues, which may be transported into their colonies and consumed by the larvae. The objective of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin, two commonly detected pesticides within beehives, on the larvae of Apis mellifera. The testes chemicals were given to three-day old larvae. Treatments were administered using a micropipette at the bottom of each chosen comb cell. Each treatment included sixty larvae per dosage and the experiment was repeated three times. Larvae were given only acetone in the control treatment. Fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin were toxic to the larvae of A. mellifera with LD₅₀ values of 0.163 and 0.83 μg/larvae, respectively after seven days of exposure. The maximum mortality of 81.35% was recorded with a dose of 0.38 μg/larvae in Fipronil, whereas in lambda-cyhalothrin, it was 94.23% with a dose of 1.70 μg/larvae.

References

Abbott, W.S. (1925). A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Atkins, E.L., & Kellum, D. (1986) Comparative morphogenic and toxicity studies on the effect of pesticides on honeybee brood. Journal of Apicultural Research, 25(4), 242–255. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.1986.11100725
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aupinel, P., Fortini, D., Dufour, H., Tasei, J., Michaud, B., Odoux, J., Pham-Delegue, M. (2005). Improvement of artificial feeding in a standard in vitro method for rearing Apis mellifera larvae. Bulletin of Insectology, 58(2), 107–111.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aupinel, P., Medrzycki P., Fortini, D., Michaud, B., Tasei, J., Odoux, J.F. (2007). A new larval in vitro rearing method to test effects of pesticides on honey bee brood. Redia, 90, 91–94.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Colin, M. E., Bonmatin, J. M., Moineau, I., Gaimon, C., Brun, S Vermandere, J. P. (2004). A method to quantify and analyze the foraging activity of honey bees: Relevance to the sublethal effects induced by systemic insecticides. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47, 387–395. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-3052-y
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
da Cruz Landim, C. (2009). Abelhas. Unesp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dai, P. L., Wang, Q., Sun, J. H., Liu, F., Wang, X., Wu, Y. Y., Zhou, T. (2010). Effects of sublethal concentrations of bifenthrin and deltamethrin on fecundity, growth, and development of the honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 29(3), 644–649. DOI: 10.1002/etc.67
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dai, P., Yan, Z., Ma, S., Yang, Y., Wang, Q., Hou, C., Diao, Q. (2018). The herbicide glyphosate negatively affects midgut bacterial communities and survival of honey bee during larvae reared in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(29), 7786–7793. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02212
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., Delpuech, J.M. (2007) The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Reviews of Entomology, 52(1): 81–106. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Doublet, V., Labarussias, M., de Miranda, J. R., Moritz, R.F., Paxton, R. (2015). Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle. Environmental microbiology, 17(4), 969–983. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12426
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dzitoyeva, S., Gutnov, A., Imbesi, M., Dimitrijevic, N., Manev, H. (2005). Developmental role of GABAB (1) receptors in Drosophila. Developmental Brain Research, 158(1–2), 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.06.005
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Enell, L., Hamasaka, Y., Kolodziejczyk, A., Nässel, D. R. (2007). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling components in Drosophila: Immunocytochemical localization of GABAB receptors in relation to the GABAA receptor subunit RDL and a vesicular GABA transporter. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 505(1), 18–31. DOI: 10.1002/cne.21472
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Food Safety Authority. (2013). Guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees). EFSA Journal, 11(7), 3295. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3295
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Epstein, L., Bassein, S., Zalom, F. (2000). Almond and stone fruit growers reduce OP, increase pyrethroid use in dormant sprays. California Agriculture, 54(6), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n06p14
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fantke, P., Aylward, L., Bare, J., Chiu, W. A., Dodson, R., Dwyer, R., McKone, T. E. (2018). Advancements in life cycle human exposure and toxicity characterization. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(12), 125001. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3871
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
FAO (2018). Pesticide use data FAOSTAT from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RP
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Finney, D. J. (1971). Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. 333p. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.19720140111
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gashout, H. A., & Guzmán-Novoa, E. (2009). Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Apicultural Research, 48(4), 263–269. DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.48.4.06
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gough, H.J., Collins, I.G., Everett, C.J., Wilkinson, W. (1984). Acute contact and oral toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) (Unpublished proprietary report No. RJ0390B, submitted to WHO by ICI).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Botías, C., Rotheray, E. L. (2015). Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers. Science, 347(6229), 1255957. DOI: 10.1126/science.1255957
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jensen, A. B., Pedersen, B. V., Eilenberg, J. (2009). Differential susceptibility across honey bee colonies in larval chalkbrood resistance. Apidologie, 40(5), 524–534. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009029
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Johnson, R. M., Ellis M. D., Mullin, C. A, Frazier, M. (2010). Pesticides and honey bee toxicity - USA. Apidologie, 41(3) 312–331. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010018
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Law, R. J., & Lightstone, F. C. (2008). Gaba receptor insecticide non-competitive antagonists may bind at allosteric modulator sites. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118(5), 705–734. DOI: 10.1080/00207450701750216
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Locke, M., & Russell, V. W. (1998). Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates. Insecta. FW Harrison and M. Locke, editors, 11, 641–686. https://doi.org/10.1086/394175
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martins, J. R., & Bitondi, M. M. G. (2012). Nuclear immunolocalization of hexamerins in the fat body of metamorphosing honey bees. Insects, 3(4), 1039–1055. DOI: 10.3390/insects3041039
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Michelette de, F., & Soares., A.E.E. (1993). Characterization of preimaginal developmental stages in Africanized honey bee workers Apis mellifera L. Apidologie, 24(4), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19930410
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mullin, C. A., Frazier, M., Frazier, J. L., Ashcraft S., Simonds R., Simonds, R. ... Pettis, J. S. (2010). High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: Implications for honey bee health. PloS ONE, 5(3) e9754. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009754
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OECD (1998). Guidelines for the testing of chemicals Number 214 Honeybees, acute contact toxicity test, OECD, Environmental Health and Safety Division, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070189-en
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OECD 239 Guidance Document (2016). Guidance Document on Honey Bee Larval Toxicity Test Following Repeated Exposure. Environment Directorate Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OECD (2017). Test No. 245: Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Chronic Oral Toxicity Test (10-Day Feeding), OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2. OECD Publishing, Paris, FR. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264284081-en
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oomen, A., De Ruijter, A., Van Der Steen, J. (1992). Method for honeybee brood feeding tests with insect growth-regulating insecticides. EPPO Bulletin, 22(4), 613–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1992.tb00546.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Peng, Y. S., & Jay, S. C. (1977). Larval rearing by worker honey bees lacking their mandibular glands: I. Rearing by small numbers of worker bees. The Canadian Entomologist, 109, 1175–1180. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1091175-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rortais, A., Arnold, G., Halm, M. P., Touffet-Briens, F. (2005). Modes of honeybees exposure to systemic insecticides: estimated amounts of contaminated pollen and nectar consumed by different categories of bees. Apidologie, 36(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2004071
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sheoran, O. P., Tonk, D. S., Kaushik, L. S., Hasija, R. C., Pannu, R. S. (1998). Statistical Software Package for Agricultural Research Workers. In D.S. Hooda & R. C. Hasija (Eds.), Recent Advances in Information Theory, Statistics & Computer Applications (pp. 139–143). Department of Mathematics and Statistics, CCS HAU, Hisar.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silva, C. A., Silva-Zacarin, E., Domingues, C. E., Abdalla, F. C., Malaspina, O., Nocelli, R. C., Pistorius, J. (2015). Fipronil effect on the frequency of anomalous brood in honeybee reared in vitro. In Hazards Of Pesticides To Bees: 12th International Symposium Of The Icp-pr Bee Protection Group (pp. 140–146).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Suchail, S., Debrauwer, L., Belzunces, L.P., (2004). Metabolism of imidacloprid in Apis mellifera. Pest Management Science, 60(3), 291–296. DOI: 10.1002/ps.772
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tang, W, Wang, D.I., Wang, J., Wu, Z., Li, L., Huang, M., Yan, D. (2018). Pyrethroid pesticide residues in the global environment: an overview. Chemosphere, 191, 990–1007. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tuteja, S., Dhanju, A. S., Kaur, G., Singh., R. (2022). Effect of Fenvalerate, λ-Cyhalothrin, Quinalphos and Thiamethoxam on Larval Survival in Honey Bee Apis mellifera L. Indian Journal of Entomology, 81(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2021.300
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vandenberg, J. D., & Shimanuki, H. (1987). Technique for rearing worker honeybees in the laboratory. Journal of Apicultural Research, 26(2), 90–97. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.1987.11100743
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Warne, M. S., & Hawker, D. W. (1995) The number of components in a mixture determines whether synergistic and antagonistic or additive toxicity predominate: the funnel hypothesis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 31(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1995.1039
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wegerhoff, R. (1999). GABA and serotonin immunoreactivity during postembryonic brain development in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. Microscopy Research and Technique, 45(3), 154–164. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19990501)45:3<154::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-5
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Winston, M. L. (1987). The biology of the honey bee. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. viii, 281 p. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4833.1591
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wittmann, D., & Engels, W. (1981). Development of test procedures for insecticide-induced brood damage in honeybees. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 3, 187–190.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Woodcock, B. A., Bullock, J. M, Shore, R. F., Heard, M. S., Pereira, M. G., Redhead, J., Pywell R. F. (2017). Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees. Science, 356(6345), 1393–1395. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1190
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu, J. Y., Anelli, C. M., Sheppard. W. S. (2011) Sublethal effects of pesticide residues in brood comb on worker honey bee Apis mellifera development and longevity. PloS ONE, 6(2), e14720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014720
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou, T., Zhou, W., Wang, Q., Dai, P. L., Liu, F., Zhang, Y. L., Sun, J. H., (2011). Effects of pyrethroids on neuronal excitability of adult honeybees Apis mellifera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100(1), 35–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.02.001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Toxicity of Insecticides with Different Modes of Action to Apis Mellifera Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Abstract

Paradigm

My account