Factors Affecting Quality of Honey Bee Venom

Harvesting Time	Harvesting Site of the Beehive	Seasons	Geographic Location
IH / DC	16	Day	Inside	May, June, July, August	DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
EH/DC	17	Day	Entrance	May, June, July, August	DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
IH/NC	16	Night	Inside	May, June, July, August	DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
DS	50	Day time	Inside	May, June, July, August	DAGEM Apiary, Duzce
DGL	27	Day	Inside	-	Apiaries located in Manisa, Muğla, Balikesir, Düzce and Mersin

a IH/DC= Harvested from the inside of hive at day-time, EH/DC=Harvested at the entrance site of hive at day-time, IH/NC= Harvested from the inside of hive at night-time, DS=Difference in Seasons, DGL=Difference in Geographic Location

Standard calibration curve of melittin, apamin, and PLA2.

Table 2

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples grouped into the factors of harvesting time and collection site of the beehive^a

	Component	Grouping Factors	Group Code^b	N	Mean	SE^c	Min.	Max.	t	p^d
Harvesting Time	Apamin	Samples collected from the inside of beehives either at day or night-time	IH/DC	16	2.23	0.13	1.62	3.81	0.40	0.68
	Apamin		IH/NC	17	2.17	0.09	1.62	2.77	0.40	0.68
	Melittin		IH/DC	16	39.02	1.94	29.50	61.90	0.13	0.72
	Melittin		IH/NC	17	39.88	1.44	29.66	48.56	0.13	0.72
	PLA2		IH/DC	16	15.79	0.93	10.88	26.25	0.31	0.20
	PLA2		IH/NC	17	14.35	0.62	10.41	17.86	0.31	0.20
Harvesting Site	Apamin	Samples collected at day-time either from the inside or entrance of beehives.	IH/DC	16	2.23	0.13	1.62	3.81	0.40	0.62
	Apamin		EH/DC	17	2.13	0.16	1.27	3.95	0.40	0.62
	Melittin		IH/DC	16	39.02	1.94	29.50	61.90	0.76	0.46
	Melittin		EH/DC	17	41.25	2.22	25.57	63.18	0.76	0.46
	PLA2		IH/DC	16	15.79	0.93	10.88	26.25	0.08	0.11
	PLA2		EH/DC	17	13.66	0.89	8.49	24.95	0.08	0.11

a The values represent the mean of three runs of each sample on HPLC.

b IH/DC=Harvested from the inside of hive at day-time, IH/NC=Harvested from the inside of hive at nighttime, EH/DC=Harvested at the entrance site of hive at day-time, PLA2: Phospholipase A2.

c SE: Standard Error

d p: Probability of Student test t statistic.

HPLC chromatograms of different quality HBV samples. A (lower value): Apamin; 1.47%, melittin 20.73%, PLA2, 10.28%. B (average value): Apamin; 1,76%, melittin; 48.66%, PLA2; 10.96%. C (higher value): Apamin; 2.05%, melittin; 62.80%, PLA2; 13.90%.

Table 3

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples (DS) grouped according to the production season^a

		APAMIN, %				MELITTIN, %				PLA2, %^b
SEASON	N	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.
MAY	15	2.00	0.10	1.47	2.77	38.64	1.49	30.96	49.03	14.09	0.62	10.31	17.86
JUNE	18	2.22	0.17	1.27	3.95	38.85	2.43	25.57	63.18	15.19	1.08	8.49	26.25
JULY	10	2.31	0.11	1.73	2.85	41.41	1.66	31.12	47.48	15.44	0.86	10.41	20.95
AUGUST	7	2.23	0.11	1.69	2.61	44.37	1.84	37.37	51.85	12.79	0.70	9.96	14.86
F			0.86				1.17				1.18
p^c			0.47				0.33				0.33
Average value			2.17				40.07				14.58

a The values in the table represent the mean of 3 runs of each sample on HPLC

b PLA2=Phospholipase A2; SE=Standard Error

c Probability of F statistic from ANOVA

Table 4

Apamin, melittin, and PLA2 contents of samples (DGL) obtained from different geographic locations^a

LOCATION	N	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.	Mean	SE^b	Min.	Max.
		APAMIN, %				MELITTIN, %				PLA2, %^b
DÜZCE	10	2.56	0.16	2.04	3.81	51.87	3.06	39.28	64.04	18.45	1.21	12.70	26.25
MANİSA	5	1.96	0.11	1.74	2.37	37.83	1.51	34.38	42.05	11.12	0.55	9.84	13.00
MUĞLA	5	2.17	0.24	1.47	2.81	36.71	4.54	19.61	43.72	11.64	1.34	7.22	15.48
BALIKESİR	4	1.92	0.33	1.50	2.29	46.97	4.85	41.16	61.47	16.49	3.97	11.47	28.18
MERSİN	3	1.57	0.30	1.28	1.89	44.85	4.44	37.75	53.02	21.26	1.62	18.21	23.75
Total	27	2.17	0.53	1.28	3.81	44.96	1.99	19.61	64.04	15.85	1.02	7.22	28.18
F				4.08				3.51				5.18
p^c				0.013				0.023				0.004

a The values in the table represent the mean of 3 runs of each sample on HPLC

b PLA2=Phospholipase A2 ; SE=Standard Error

c Probability of F statistic from ANOVA

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439 (formerly 2299-4831)

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Language: English

Page range: 5 - 14

Submitted on: Feb 18, 2021

Accepted on: Dec 2, 2021

Published on: Jun 22, 2022

Published by: The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

apamin,

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© 2022 Meral Kekeçoğlu, Tuğçe Çaprazlı, Aslı E. Tanuğur Samancı, Taylan Samancı, Elif Yorulmaz Önder, published by The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 66 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)

Factors Affecting Quality of Honey Bee Venom

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Table 4

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