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Factors Affecting Immune Responses in Honey Bees: An Insight Cover

Factors Affecting Immune Responses in Honey Bees: An Insight

Journal of Apicultural Science
Volume 65 (2021): Issue 1 (June 2021)
By: Gurleen Kaur,  Rohit Sharma,  Ashun Chaudhary and  Randeep Singh  
Open Access
|Jun 2021

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Various factors influencing bee immunity.
Various factors influencing bee immunity.

Fig. 2

Interrelationships between different stress factors downregulating immune system of honey bees. IRG, immunity related genes; GOX, glucose oxidase. Blue arrows show effects supported by literature. Red arrows show possible effects with less literature support. Numeric values indicate the references of supporting literature. 1 Mckinstry et al. (2017); 2 Steinmann et al. (2015); 3 Lopez-Martinez et al. (2008); 4 Melicher et al. (2019); 5 Dainat et al. (2012b); 6 Gauthier et al. (2007); 7 Flores et al. (1996); 8 Szymaś & Jędruszuk (2003); 9 Alaux et al. (2010a); 10 Martin-Hernandez et al. (2011); 11 Alaux et al. (2010b); 12 Mayack & Naug (2010); 13 DeGrandhi-Hoffmman & Chen (2015); 14 Huang (2012); 15 Brandt et al. (2016); 16 Perveen & Ahmad (2017); 17 Brandt et al. (2017); 18 Boncristiani et al. (2012); 19 Yoshida (1988); 20 Gregorc et al. (2012); 21 Motta et al. (2018); 22 Dai et al. (2018); 23 May et al. (2015); 24 Chakrabarti et al. (2015); 25 Shen et al. (2005); 26 Nazzi et al. (2012); 27 Goulson et al. (2015); 28 DiPrisco et al. (2013); 29 Evans & Pettis (2005); 30 Gregorc & Bowen (1998); 31 Zakaria (2007); 32 Higes et al. (2007); 33 Chaimanee et al. (2012); 34 Mayack & Naug (2009); 35 Campbell et al. (2010); 36 Salem et al. (2006); 37 Richards et al. (2011); 38 Esch (1988); 39 Vandame & Belzunces (1998); 40 Sánchez-Bayo et al. (2016); 41 Meikle et al. (2016).
Interrelationships between different stress factors downregulating immune system of honey bees. IRG, immunity related genes; GOX, glucose oxidase. Blue arrows show effects supported by literature. Red arrows show possible effects with less literature support. Numeric values indicate the references of supporting literature. 1 Mckinstry et al. (2017); 2 Steinmann et al. (2015); 3 Lopez-Martinez et al. (2008); 4 Melicher et al. (2019); 5 Dainat et al. (2012b); 6 Gauthier et al. (2007); 7 Flores et al. (1996); 8 Szymaś & Jędruszuk (2003); 9 Alaux et al. (2010a); 10 Martin-Hernandez et al. (2011); 11 Alaux et al. (2010b); 12 Mayack & Naug (2010); 13 DeGrandhi-Hoffmman & Chen (2015); 14 Huang (2012); 15 Brandt et al. (2016); 16 Perveen & Ahmad (2017); 17 Brandt et al. (2017); 18 Boncristiani et al. (2012); 19 Yoshida (1988); 20 Gregorc et al. (2012); 21 Motta et al. (2018); 22 Dai et al. (2018); 23 May et al. (2015); 24 Chakrabarti et al. (2015); 25 Shen et al. (2005); 26 Nazzi et al. (2012); 27 Goulson et al. (2015); 28 DiPrisco et al. (2013); 29 Evans & Pettis (2005); 30 Gregorc & Bowen (1998); 31 Zakaria (2007); 32 Higes et al. (2007); 33 Chaimanee et al. (2012); 34 Mayack & Naug (2009); 35 Campbell et al. (2010); 36 Salem et al. (2006); 37 Richards et al. (2011); 38 Esch (1988); 39 Vandame & Belzunces (1998); 40 Sánchez-Bayo et al. (2016); 41 Meikle et al. (2016).

Summarizes the social and innate defence responses against the various foreign bodies

Immune ParameterForeign Body
Social Immunity
Social feverFungi (Starks et al., 2000)
Plant ResinsBacteria (Antúnez et al., 2008)Fungi (Simone-Finstrom & Spivak, 2012)
GroomingTracheal mite (Danka & Villa, 1998)Varroa (Guzman-Novoa et al., 2012)
Hygienic behaviourFungi (Gilliam et al., 1983)Bacteria (Spivak & Reuter, 2001)Varroa (Ibrahim et al., 2007)
Division of labourPathogen transmission (Naug & Camazine, 2002)
Innate Immunity
PhagocytosisSmall bacteria and virus (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
NodulationFungi (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
EncapsulationLarge parasites (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
Antibacterial activityNeonicotinoids and bacteria (Dickel et al., 2018)
Antimicrobial peptidesVarroa and Virus (Gregorc et al., 2012)Pesticides (Garrido et al., 2013)Bacteria, fungi, protozoa (Danihlík et al., 2015)
RNA interference, dsRNAVirus (Brutscher et al., 2015)
Prophenoloxisade activationMicrobial infection (Li et al., 2018)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439
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Language: English
Page range: 25 - 47
Submitted on: Dec 10, 2020
Accepted on: Mar 8, 2021
Published on: Jun 24, 2021
Published by: Research Institute of Horticulture
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
honey bee,
immune suppression,
interactions,
nutrition,
oxidative stress,
stressors
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Life sciences, other

© 2021 Gurleen Kaur, Rohit Sharma, Ashun Chaudhary, Randeep Singh, published by Research Institute of Horticulture
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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