Determination of Quality Characteristics, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis from Southeastern Mexico

Figures & Tables

Propolis extract	Dry extract (%)	Solubility in Pb	Solubility in NaOH	Oxidation index (s)	TPC (mg GAE/g)	TF (mg QE/g)	DPPH mM Trolox/g	ABTS mM Trolox/g
PE1	7.85±0.00^d	+	+	16.16±0.55^c	33.66±0.48^e	11.93±0.00^e	0.61±0.01^b	2.29±0.13^c
PE2	11.52±0.04^h	+	+	6.00±0.00^a	97.02±5.40^g	42.68±1.79^g	2.71±0.01^d	4.64±0.30^g
PE3	9.62±0.00^f	+	+	12.03±0.55^b	28.28±1.55d^e	1.79±0.00^a	1.60±0.03^b	2.50±0.00^cd
PE4	6.02±0.03^c	+	+	30.66±0.45^e	51.90±1.78^f	3.35±0.10^ab	0.66±0.04^b	2.88±0.04^ef
PE5	11.24±0.14^g	+	+	43.06±0.75^f	4.17±0.00^a	2.62±0.04^ab	0.20±0.01^a	1.35±0.10^b
PE6	6.05±0.18^c	+	+	17.56±0.89^cd	14.43±0.00^b	5.56±0.12^c	0.65±0.00^b	2.50±0.02^cd
PE7	8.67±0.01^e	+	+	42.56±0.75^f	19.32±0.52^bc	3.88±0.05^bc	0.26±0.00^a	0.92±0.00^a
PE8	5.19±0.00^b	+	+	13.36±0.63^b	23.31±0.04^cd	10.15±0.09^d	0.25±0.00^a	3.10±0.08^f
PE9	2.30±0.00^a	+	+	18.46±0.65^d	27.42±0.08^d	23.03±0.41^f	1.55±0.08^c	2.68±0.10^de

Samples	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
PE1	122.32±4.56	229.13±6.79	235.87±4.87	72.99±0.82	72.26±3.39	62.40±0.82	18.56±0.98	23.09±2.03	55.55±1.50
PE2	41.63±0.30	106.86±1.28	215.24±1.31	62.48±1.37	53.90±0.20	172.36±5.62	3.10±0.19	153.75±0.00	388.26±25.46
PE3	22.17±0.46	145.51±2.31	207.09±4.66	38.53±1.07	55.19±0.47	12.57±0.62	3.23±0.05	28.72±0.00	22.05±0.41
PE4	51.07±2.13	140.60±0.98	nd	4.04±0.12	74.35±3.42	nd	nd	5.62±0.00	13.61±0.33
PE5	10.30±0.03	nd	47.28±1.06	10.30±0.45	54.28±0.47	7.23±0.19	nd	2.35±0.00	20.98±0.17
PE6	215.01±8.64	48.62±1.55		0.88±0.12	79.45±0.54	8.86±0.11	2.26±0.07	nd	2.15±0.05
PE7	24.64±0.40	nd	273.28±1.73	9.42±0.29	80.60±3.11	62.21±0.00	nd	44.74±0.00	53.02±2.29
PE8	31.12±0.68	nd	61.89±3.24	16.59±0.07	40.91±0.21	26.05±0.85	4.19±0.07	38.03±0.00	60.36±1.92
PE9	nd	91.36±0.37	nd	50.51±2.21	76.80±1.42	19.66±0.19	16.97±0.56	22.46±0.00	29.95±1.03

Samples	Moisture (%)	Ash (%)	Appearance	Aroma	Color	Taste	Consistency
RP1	6.63±0.11^e	3.73±0.11^e	Bright irregular pieces	Resinous soft	Dark greenish brown	Insipid	Malleable
RP2	6.30±0.00^e	4.06±0.11^f	Low brightness irregular pieces	Resinous	Dark greenish brown	Insipid	Rigid
RP3	4.63±0.11^c	2.26±0.11^c	Bright irregular pieces	Odorless	Dark greenish brown	Insipid	Malleable
RP4	3.90±0.08^b	4.03±0.05^f	Opaque irregular pieces	Resinous	Reddish yellow	Piquant	Rigid
RP5	6.66±0.05^e	0.66±0.05^a	Opaque irregular pieces	Odorless	Reddish yellow	Bitter	Malleable
RP6	1.96±0.05^a	2.86±0.05^d	Opaque irregular pieces	Resinous	Brown	Insipid	Malleable
RP7	6.53±0.30^e	1.83±0.05^b	Opaque irregular pieces	Resinous aromatic	Dark greenish brown	Piquant	Malleable
RP8	8.26±0.28^f	5.50±0.17^g	Powder or Granules	Resinous soft	Brown	Insipid	Rigid
RP9	5.50±0.17^d	2.03±0.05b^c	Opaque irregular pieces	Odorless	Dark greenish brown	Bitter	Malleable

Parameters	ABTS	DPPH	TF	TPC
DPPH	0.78^*	-
TF	0.76	0.94	-
TPC	0.83	0.84	0.78	-
Oxidation index	−0.81	−0.57	−0.57	−0.52