Fig. 1
Summarized procedure for the extraction and enrichment of antioxidants from mimosa flower bee pollen.
Fig. 2
Morphology of the mimosa flower (Mimosa pigra L.) bee pollen under scanning electron microscopy at 5,000X magnification. Images shown are representative of at least 100 pollen grains observed per sample.
Fig. 3
Representative TLC plate showing the compound profile of DCMMBP (lane 1), DCMMBP3-1 (lane 2) and DCMMBP3-2 (lane 3). The mobile phase was 10: 1 (v/v) DCM: MeOH. Arrow indicates compound I.
Table 1
Characteristics, antioxidant (EC50 value) and anti-tyrosinase (IC50 value) activities of the crude (CME) and partitioned (MTMBP, DCMMBP and HXMBP) bee pollen extracts
| Sample | Weight (g) | Yield (%) | Appearance | EC50 (μg/mL) | IC50 (μg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before partition | |||||
| CME | 85.76 | 61.3 | Turbid dark brown oil | - | - |
| After partition | |||||
| MTMBP | 51.87 | 60.5 | Dark brown oil | >1,000 | >500 |
| DCMMBP | 7.24 | 8.44 | Sticky dark brown solid | 192.1±17.83 | >500 |
| HXMBP | 8.14 | 9.49 | Dark brown oil | >1,000 | >500 |
| Reference standards | |||||
| Ascorbic acid | - | - | - | 89.8±5.07 | - |
| Kojic acid | - | - | - | - | 8.58±0.31 |
[i] Data are shown as the mean ±SD, derived from three repeats.
Table 2
Characteristics, antioxidant (EC50 value) and anti-tyrosinase (% inhibition) activities of the different pooled fractions of DCMMBP after SiG60-CC and Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion CC
| Fraction | Weight (g) | Yield (%) | Appearance | EC50 (μg/mL) | Tyrosinase inhibition (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After SiG60-CC | |||||
| DCMMBP1 | 0.42 | 5.8 | Sticky dark brown solid | 819.5±24.37 | 2.86±1.75 |
| DCMMBP2 | 0.69 | 9.5 | Sticky dark brown solid | 284.1±11.92 | 2.99±3.18 |
| DCMMBP3 | 1.92 | 26.5 | Pale brown solid | 112.2±1.35 | 0 |
| Ascorbic acid | - | - | - | 81.1±1.44 | - |
| Kojic acid | - | - | - | - | 74.2±1.2 |
| After Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion CC | |||||
| DCMMBP3-1 | 1.6599 | 86.5 | Pale brown solid | 121.3±8.11 | - |
| DCMMBP3-2 | 0.0176 | 0.92 | Yellow solid | >1000 | - |
| Ascorbic acid | - | - | - | 81.1±1.44 | - |
[i] Data are shown as the mean ±SD, derived from three repeats.
Fig. 4
The structural formula of naringenin (Compound I), found in fraction DCMMBP3-2 from DCMMBP3.
