Design and Implementation of a Smart Sensing IoT System for Cost-Effective Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring and Control

Ekkarin Wayo; Somporn Ruang-on; Kritaphat Songsri-in; Fahmida Wazed Tina; Prawit Nuengmatcha

doi:10.2478/ijssis-2026-0008

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Design and Implementation of a Smart Sensing IoT System for Cost-Effective Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring and Control

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems

Volume 19 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)

By: Ekkarin Wayo, Somporn Ruang-on, Kritaphat Songsri-in, Fahmida Wazed Tina and Prawit Nuengmatcha

Open Access

|May 2026

Abstract

This study presents a low-cost IoT-based greenhouse monitoring and control system that integrates statistically validated low-cost sensors with a fuzzy logic controller for cucumber cultivation. Sensor accuracy was evaluated using >500 observations per device and validated through one-way ANOVA, confirming no significant differences from reference instruments and deviations below 3%. The fuzzy controller, derived from agronomic thresholds and expert knowledge, enabled reliable real-time regulation of temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. Experimental results demonstrated rapid environmental correction, reducing temperature from 33°C to 29°C within 7 min and increasing soil moisture from 38% to 60% within 12 min. The system achieved an actuator response time of 2.3 s, consumed <1 kWh/day, and required only US$47.10 to implement. These findings indicate that validated low-cost sensors, combined with crop-specific fuzzy thresholds, can provide stable automated control suitable for small-scale greenhouse operations.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijssis-2026-0008 | Journal eISSN: 1178-5608

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Language: English

Submitted on: Oct 18, 2025

Published on: May 27, 2026

Published by: Macquarie University, Australia

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

IoT,

Related subjects:

Introductions and overviews,

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© 2026 Ekkarin Wayo, Somporn Ruang-on, Kritaphat Songsri-in, Fahmida Wazed Tina, Prawit Nuengmatcha, published by Macquarie University, Australia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 19 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)