Perceived self-efficacy of students in a business simulation game

*Items^, n = 227**	Factors and loadings
*Items^, n = 227**	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Factor 1: Innovation
Unusual methods as a winner	.69
Confidence to win	.66
Easy to beat the competition	.59
Explore with untried actions	.56
Use numbers and diagrams	.52
Factor 2: Experimentation
Experiment with new methods		.72
Remain focused on winning		.58
Practice different approaches		.53
Do not feel bad if proved wrong		.48
Plan ahead		.45
Asking why and how		.38
Factor 3: Conviction
Confidence to face challenges			.64
Learn from my mistakes			.64
Track my progress			.57
Solve problems			.56
Think harder to win			.45
Factor 4: Openness
Useful ideas from discussion				.70
I listen to my team mates				.61
Get consent of team mates				.55
Understand game rules				.48
Factor 5: Focus
Work harder to win					.74
Mix different kinds of information					.50
Play out the moves before action					.49
Factor 6: Proactivity
Watch my competitors						.70
Respond to unforeseen						.61
Do not give up in case of failure						.50
Factor 7: Conceptualisation
Read about games							.71
Factor 8: Determination
Errors do not discourage								.78
Losing does not discourage								.49
Help team mates for victory								−.36
Internal consistency (Cronbach α)	.68	.69	.67	.58	.55	.51	N.A.	.36
Eigen values	2.68	2.62	2.29	2.27	2.01	1.76	1.43	1.40
Percentage of total variance	8.94	8.72	7.63	7.58	6.71	5.85	4.77	4.65

* abbreviated statements.

N.A. = not applicable, as this factor had only one statement.

Perceived game self-efficacy: Inter-factor correlations

Factors	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Innovation	2.63	.67
Experimentation	2.98	.58	.45^**
Conviction	3.00	.58	.31^**	.52^**
Openness	3.20	.57	.20^**	.40^**	.46^**
Focus	3.06	.61	.32^**	.50^**	.38^**	.27^**
Proactivity	2.96	.65	.26^**	.37^**	.44^**	.33^**	.21^**
Conceptualisation	2.58	.95	.29^**	.19^**	.11	.07	.16^*	.13^*
Determination	3.20	.55	.14^*	.44^**	.41^**	.40^**	.47^**	.22^**	.08

** significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

* significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Perceived game self-efficacy: Inter-factor regression coefficients

** significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

* significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2021-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2451-2834 (formerly 1649-248X) | Journal ISSN: 1649-248X

Language: English

Page range: 61 - 73

Published on: Apr 30, 2021

Published by: Irish Academy of Management

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

Keywords:

Related subjects:

© 2021 Vinod Dumblekar, Upinder Dhar, published by Irish Academy of Management
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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