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Figure 6.
Selected organisational and functional characteristics and the use of punishment in the respondents’ enterprises
| Criterion | Characteristic | Use of punishment | χ2 | p | W | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | |||||
| Job title | Specialist | 58 | 44.3 | 92 | 35.4 | 16.3 | 0.00 | 0.20 |
| Production or customer service | 8 | 6.1 | 58 | 22.3 | ||||
| Management and administration | 65 | 49.6 | 110 | 42.3 | ||||
| Size of enterprise | Micro and small | 82 | 62.6 | 159 | 61.2 | 0.08 | 0.78 | 0.01 |
| Medium and large | 49 | 37.4 | 101 | 38.8 | ||||
| Sector | Services | 80 | 61.1 | 148 | 56.9 | 5.29 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
| Industry | 29 | 22.1 | 83 | 31.9 | ||||
| Public sector organisation | 22 | 16.8 | 29 | 11.2 | ||||
| Main customers | Individual customers | 81 | 61.8 | 174 | 66.9 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.05 |
| Institutional customers | 50 | 38.2 | 86 | 33.1 | ||||
| ISO 14001, 27001, 45001 | 54 | 41.2 | 116 | 44.6 | ||||
| Applied management systems or concepts | Lean and Six Sigma | 18 | 13.7 | 19 | 7.3 | 4.32 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
| ISO 9001 and TQM | 43 | 32.8 | 94 | 36.2 | ||||
| None | 16 | 12.2 | 31 | 11.9 | ||||
Selected organisational and functional characteristics vis-à-vis types of punishment applied in enterprises
| Criterion | Feature | Type of punishment | χ2 | p | W | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No punishment | Financial penalties | Disciplinary penalties | Informal penalties | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
| Job title | Specialist | 58 | 44.3 | 17 | 38.6 | 54 | 33.5 | 21 | 38.2 | 17.16 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| Production or customer service | 8 | 6.1 | 10 | 22.7 | 37 | 23.0 | 11 | 20.0 | ||||
| Management or administration | 65 | 49.6 | 17 | 38.6 | 70 | 43.5 | 23 | 41.8 | ||||
| Size of enterprise | Micro and small | 82 | 62.6 | 30 | 68.2 | 87 | 54.0 | 42 | 76.4 | 9.82 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
| Medium and large | 49 | 37.4 | 14 | 31.8 | 74 | 46.0 | 13 | 23.6 | ||||
| Sector | Services | 80 | 61.1 | 24 | 54.5 | 88 | 54.7 | 36 | 65.5 | 13.29 | 0.04 | 0.18 |
| Industry | 29 | 22.1 | 19 | 43.2 | 52 | 32.3 | 12 | 21.8 | ||||
| Public sector organisation | 22 | 16.8 | 1 | 2.3 | 21 | 13.0 | 7 | 12.7 | ||||
| Main customers | Individual customers | 81 | 61.8 | 26 | 59.1 | 110 | 68.3 | 38 | 69.1 | 2.44 | 0.49 | 0.08 |
| Institutional customers | 50 | 38.2 | 18 | 40.9 | 51 | 31.7 | 17 | 30.9 | ||||
| ISO 14001, 27001, 45001 | 54 | 41.2 | 22 | 50.0 | 66 | 41.0 | 28 | 50.9 | ||||
| Applied management systems or concepts | Lean and Six Sigma | 18 | 13.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 15 | 9.3 | 3 | 5.5 | 15.01 | 0.04 | 0.20 |
| ISO 9001 and TQM | 43 | 32.8 | 18 | 40.9 | 63 | 39.1 | 13 | 23.6 | ||||
| None | 16 | 12.2 | 3 | 6.8 | 17 | 10.6 | 11 | 20.0 | ||||
Characteristics of the surveyed organisations
| Criterion | Feature | Number | Percentage [%] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size of enterprise | Micro | 144 | 36.8 |
| Small | 97 | 24.8 | |
| Medium | 55 | 14.1 | |
| Large | 95 | 24.3 | |
| Sector | Services | 185 | 47.3 |
| Industry | 112 | 28.6 | |
| Public institution | 51 | 13.0 | |
| Finance | 43 | 11.0 | |
| Main customers | Various individual customers | 200 | 51.2 |
| Institutional customers | 136 | 34.8 | |
| Permanent individual customers | 55 | 14.1 | |
| Health and safety management system | 142 | 36.3 | |
| ISO 9001 | 117 | 29.9 | |
| None | 47 | 12.0 | |
| Applied management systems or concepts | Lean | 27 | 6.9 |
| TQM | 20 | 5.1 | |
| ISO 14001 | 14 | 3.6 | |
| ISO 27001 | 14 | 3.6 | |
| Six Sigma | 10 | 2.6 |