Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Internet of things and Blockchain for Smart Machine Tools in Industry 4.0, A Review Cover

Internet of things and Blockchain for Smart Machine Tools in Industry 4.0, A Review

By:  and    
Open Access
|Sep 2026

References

  1. R. Ashima, A. Haleem, S. Bahl, M. Javaid, S. K. Mahla, and S. Singh, “Automation and manufacturing of smart materials in Additive Manufacturing technologies using Internet of Things towards the adoption of Industry 4.0”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 45, pp. 5081–5088, 2021.
  2. C. Liu et al., “Probing an intelligent predictive maintenance approach with deep learning and augmented reality for machine tools in IoT-enabled manufacturing”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 77, p. 102357, 2022.
  3. A. Borghesi, A. Burrello, and A. Bartolini, “Examon-x: a predictive maintenance framework for automatic monitoring in industrial iot systems”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2995–3005, 2021.
  4. C. Zhang et al., “Performance-driven closed-loop optimization and control for smart manufacturing processes in the cloud-edge-device collaborative architecture: A review and new perspectives”, Computers in Industry, vol. 162, p. 104131, 2024.
  5. P. Kumar, D. Singh, and J. Bhamu, “Machine Vision in Industry 4.0: Applications, Challenges and Future Directions,” in Machine Vision for Industry 4.0: CRC Press, 2022, pp. 263–284, 2022.
  6. B. Rahardjo, F.-K. Wang, R.-H. Yeh, and Y.-P. Chen, “Lean manufacturing in industry 4.0: a smart and sustainable manufacturing system”, Machines, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 72, 2023.
  7. S. M. Patil, P. Baramati, N. C. Dhone, and R. H. Chourasiya, “Industry 4.0 technologies in the context of supply chain management 4.0”, The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 2048–2058, 2023.
  8. Y. Cui, S. Kara, and K. C. Chan, “Manufacturing big data ecosystem: A systematic literature review”, Robotics and computer-integrated Manufacturing, vol. 62, p. 101861, 2020.
  9. S. Y. Teng, M. Touš, W. D. Leong, B. S. How, H. L. Lam, and V. Máša, “Recent advances on industrial data-driven energy savings: Digital twins and infrastructures”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 135, p. 110208, 2021.
  10. Y. Hu et al., “Industrial Internet of Things Intelligence Empowering Smart Manufacturing: A Literature Review”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2024.
  11. F. Hu, X. Zou, H. Hao, P. Hou, and Y. Huang, “Research and application of simulation and optimization for CNC machine tool machining process under data semantic model reconstruction”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 132, no. 1, pp. 801–819, 2024.
  12. S. K. Jagatheesaperumal, M. Rahouti, K. Ahmad, A. Al-Fuqaha, and M. Guizani, “The duo of artificial intelligence and big data for industry 4.0: Applications, techniques, challenges, and future research directions”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 12861–12885, 2021.
  13. Y. I. Alzoubi, A. Al-Ahmad, H. Kahtan, and A. Jaradat, “Internet of things and blockchain integration: security, privacy, technical, and design challenges”, Future Internet, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 216, 2022.
  14. P. A. D. S. N. Wijesekara and S. Gunawardena, “A Review of blockchain technology in knowledge-defined networking, its application, benefits, and challenges”, Network, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 343–421, 2023.
  15. S. Mittal, M. A. Khan, D. Romero, and T. Wuest, “Smart manufacturing: Characteristics, technologies and enabling factors”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 233, no. 5, pp. 1342–1361, 2019.
  16. D. G. Pivoto, L. F. De Almeida, R. da Rosa Righi, J. J. Rodrigues, A. B. Lugli, and A. M. Alberti, “Cyber-physical systems architectures for industrial internet of things applications in Industry 4.0: A literature review”, Journal of manufacturing systems, vol. 58, pp. 176–192, 2021.
  17. S. A. Abeyratne and R. P. Monfared, “Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger”, International journal of research in engineering and technology, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1–10, 2016.
  18. S. Ayvaz and K. Alpay, “Predictive maintenance system for production lines in manufacturing: A machine learning approach using IoT data in real-time”, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 173, p. 114598, 2021.
  19. J. Leng et al., “Blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing and product lifecycle management in industry 4.0: A survey”, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 132, p. 110112, 2020.
  20. X. Guo, G. Zhang, and Y. Zhang, “A comprehensive review of blockchain technology-enabled smart manufacturing: a framework, challenges and future research directions”, Sensors, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 155, 2022.
  21. C. Roumeliotis, M. Dasygenis, V. Lazaridis, and M. Dossis, “Blockchain and digital twins in smart industry 4.0: The use case of supply chain-a review of integration techniques and applications”, Designs, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 105, 2024.
  22. P. Fraga-Lamas and T. M. Fernández-Caramés, “A review on blockchain technologies for an advanced and cyber-resilient automotive industry”, IEEE access, vol. 7, pp. 17578–17598, 2019.
  23. N. Alkaabi, K. Salah, R. Jayaraman, J. Arshad, and M. Omar, “Blockchain-based traceability and management for additive manufacturing”, IEEE access, vol. 8, pp. 188363–188377, 2020.
  24. O. Alfandi, S. Khanji, L. Ahmad, and A. Khattak, “A survey on boosting IoT security and privacy through blockchain: Exploration, requirements, and open issues”, Cluster Computing, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 37–55, 2021.
  25. A. K. Tyagi, “Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security in the Era of Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things Applications”, in AI and Blockchain Applications in Industrial Robotics: IGI Global, pp. 171–199, 2024.
  26. J. Leng et al., “Corrigendum to" Blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing and product lifecycle management in industry 4.0: A survey"[Renew Sustain Energy Rev 132 (2020) 110112]”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 167, p. 112755, 2022.
  27. U. Bodkhe et al., “Blockchain for industry 4.0: A comprehensive review”, Ieee Access, vol. 8, pp. 79764–79800, 2020.
  28. S. K. Dwivedi, P. Roy, C. Karda, S. Agrawal, and R. Amin, “Blockchain-based internet of things and industrial IoT: a comprehensive survey”, Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 7142048, 2021.
  29. P. A. D. S. N. Wijesekara, “A literature review on access control in networking employing blockchain”, The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024.
  30. D. S. N. Wijesekara and P. Arachchige, “Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Big Data Analytics in Networking: Leadingedge Frameworks”, Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review, vol. 17, no. 3, 2024.
  31. Y. Chen, Y. Lu, L. Bulysheva, and M. Y. Kataev, “Applications of blockchain in industry 4.0: A review”, Information Systems Frontiers, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1715–1729, 2024.
  32. S. Kumar Jagatheesaperumal, M. Rahouti, A. Chehri, K. Xiong, and J. Bieniek, “Blockchain-Based Security Architecture for Uncrewed Aerial Systems in B5G/6G Services and Beyond: A Comprehensive Approach”, IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 6, pp. 1042–1069, 2025.
  33. A. Alanhdi and L. Toka, “A survey on integrating edge computing with ai and blockchain in maritime domain, aerial systems, iot, and industry 4.0”, Ieee Access, vol. 12, pp. 28684–28709, 2024.
  34. S. K. Jagatheesaperumal and M. Rahouti, “Building digital twins of cyber physical systems with metaverse for industry 5.0 and beyond”, IT Professional, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 34–40, 2023.
  35. S. Singh, A. S. Hosen, and B. Yoon, “Blockchain security attacks, challenges, and solutions for the future distributed iot network”, Ieee Access, vol. 9, pp. 13938–13959, 2021.
  36. B. Hammi, S. Zeadally, and J. Nebhen, “Security threats, countermeasures, and challenges of digital supply chains”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 55, no. 14s, pp. 1–40, 2023.
  37. R. G. Sonkamble, A. M. Bongale, S. Phansalkar, A. Sharma, and S. Rajput, “Secure data transmission of electronic health records using blockchain technology”, Electronics, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 1015, 2023.
  38. S. M. Idrees, M. Nowostawski, R. Jameel, and A. K. Mourya, “Security aspects of blockchain technology intended for industrial applications”, Electronics, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 951, 2021.
  39. D. Kirli et al., “Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 158, p. 112013, 2022.
  40. L. Da Xu, Y. Lu, and L. Li, “Embedding blockchain technology into IoT for security: A survey”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 13, pp. 10452–10473, 2021.
  41. A. Falayi, Q. Wang, W. Liao, and W. Yu, “Survey of distributed and decentralized IoT securities: approaches using deep learning and blockchain technology”, Future Internet, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 178, 2023.
  42. T. Saba, K. Haseeb, A. Rehman, and G. Jeon, “Blockchain-enabled intelligent iot protocol for high-performance and secured big financial data transaction”, IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1667–1674, 2023.
  43. S. Peng et al., “Blockchain data secure transmission method based on homomorphic encryption”, Computational intelligence and neuroscience, vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 3406228, 2022.
  44. C. Zhonghua, S. Goyal, and A. S. Rajawat, “Smart contracts attribute-based access control model for security & privacy of IoT system using blockchain and edge computing”, The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 1396–1425, 2024.
  45. F. Corradini, A. Marcelletti, A. Morichetta, A. Polini, B. Re, and F. Tiezzi, “Engineering trustable and auditable choreography-based systems using blockchain”, ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS), vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–53, 2022.
  46. A. Ayub Khan, A. A. Laghari, A. A. Shaikh, S. Bourouis, A. M. Mamlouk, and H. Alshazly, “Educational blockchain: A secure degree attestation and verification traceability architecture for higher education commission”, Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 22, p. 10917, 2021.
  47. S. Porkodi and D. Kesavaraja, “Smart contract: A survey towards extortionate vulnerability detection and security enhancement”, Wireless Networks, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1285–1304, 2024.
  48. P. Sharma, N. R. Moparthi, S. Namasudra, V. Shanmuganathan, and C. H. Hsu, “Blockchain-based IoT architecture to secure healthcare system using identity-based encryption”, Expert Systems, vol. 39, no. 10, p. e12915, 2022.
  49. W. Jia, T. Xie, and B. Wang, “A privacy-preserving scheme with multi-level regulation compliance for blockchain”, Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 438, 2024.
  50. M. I. Khalid, M. Ahmed, and J. Kim, “Enhancing data protection in dynamic consent management systems: formalizing privacy and security definitions with differential privacy, decentralization, and Zero-Knowledge proofs”, Sensors, vol. 23, no. 17, p. 7604, 2023.
  51. A. Korodi et al., “Integration of Legacy Industrial Equipment in a Building-Management System Industry 5.0 Scenario”, Electronics, vol. 13, no. 16, p. 3229, 2024.
  52. H. Tian, Y. Jian, and X. Ge, “Blockchain-based AMI framework for data security and privacy protection”, Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 32, p. 100807, 2022.
  53. B. Lashkari and P. Musilek, “A comprehensive review of blockchain consensus mechanisms”, IEEE access, vol. 9, pp. 43620–43652, 2021.
  54. M. Muneeb, K.-M. Ko, and Y.-H. Park, “A fog computing architecture with multi-layer for computing-intensive iot applications”, Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 24, p. 11585, 2021.
  55. J. Polge, J. Robert, and Y. Le Traon, “Permissioned blockchain frameworks in the industry: A comparison”, Ict Express, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 229–233, 2021.
  56. K. S. Alshudukhi, M. A. Khemakhem, F. E. Eassa, and K. M. Jambi, “An interoperable blockchain security frameworks based on microservices and smart contract in IoT environment”, Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 776, 2023.
  57. C. Sguanci, R. Spatafora, and A. M. Vergani, “Layer 2 blockchain scaling: A survey”, arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.10881, 2021.
  58. S. K. Pandey, Y. K. Agrahari, and S. Verma, “Secure Data Communication Protocols for IoT Systems: Ensuring Reliable Cloud Integration”, Res. Gate, 2025.
  59. Z. Shi, B. Oskolkov, W. Tian, C. Kan, and C. Liu, “Sensor data protection through integration of blockchain and camouflaged encryption in cyber-physical manufacturing systems”, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, vol. 24, no. 7, p. 071004, 2024.
  60. A. K. Mishra, S. Tiwari, A. K. Tyagi, and M. O. Arowolo, “Security, privacy, trust, and provenance issues in internet of things–based edge environment,” in IoT Edge Intelligence: Springer, 2024, pp. 233–263.
  61. M. S. Islam, M. A. B. Ameedeen, M. A. Rahman, H. Ajra, and Z. B. Ismail, “Healthcare-chain: Blockchain-enabled decentralized trustworthy system in healthcare management industry 4.0 with cyber safeguard”, Computers, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 46, 2023.
  62. S. Luo, T. Hu, N. Han, and Y. Qian, “A smart-contract-based policy-domain access control framework for distributed industrial IoT”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 11427–11443, 2023.
  63. J. Li, A. Maiti, M. Springer, and T. Gray, “Blockchain for supply chain quality management: challenges and opportunities in context of open manufacturing and industrial internet of things”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1321–1355, 2020.
  64. G. Epiphaniou, M. Bottarelli, H. Al-Khateeb, N. T. Ersotelos, J. Kanyaru, and V. Nahar, “Smart distributed ledger technologies in Industry 4.0: Challenges and opportunities in supply chain management”, Cyber Defence in the Age of AI, Smart Societies and Augmented Humanity, pp. 319–345, 2020.
  65. A. Soylu et al., “Data quality barriers for transparency in public procurement”, Information, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 99, 2022.
  66. G. Habib, S. Sharma, S. Ibrahim, I. Ahmad, S. Qureshi, and M. Ishfaq, “Blockchain technology: benefits, challenges, applications, and integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing”, Future Internet, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 341, 2022.
  67. A. Marucheck, N. Greis, C. Mena, and L. Cai, “Product safety and security in the global supply chain: Issues, challenges and research opportunities”, Journal of operations management, vol. 29, no. 7-8, pp. 707–720, 2011.
  68. K. M. Bakarich, J. J. Castonguay, and P. E. O'Brien, “The use of blockchains to enhance sustainability reporting and assurance”, Accounting Perspectives, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 389–412, 2020.
  69. S. Mssassi and A. A. El Kalam, “Leveraging Blockchain for Enhanced Traceability and Transparency in Sustainable Development”, in International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development Springer, pp. 162–177, 2023.
  70. F. S. Ezeh, J. C. Ogeawuchi, A. A. Abayomi, and O. Aderemi, “Advances in Blockchain and IoT Integration for Real-Time Supply Chain Visibility and Procurement Transparency”. IEEE Internet Things J, 2024.
  71. R. Brandín and S. Abrishami, “Information traceability platforms for asset data lifecycle: blockchain-based technologies”, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 364–386, 2021.
  72. S. Bag, L. C. Wood, A. Telukdarie, and V. Venkatesh, “Application of Industry 4.0 tools to empower circular economy and achieving sustainability in supply chain operations”, Production Planning & Control, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 918–940, 2023.
  73. S. Jaskó, A. Skrop, T. Holczinger, T. Chován, and J. Abonyi, “Development of manufacturing execution systems in accordance with Industry 4.0 requirements: A review of standard-and ontology-based methodologies and tools”, Computers in industry, vol. 123, p. 103300, 2020.
  74. O. Akanfe, D. Lawong, and H. R. Rao, “Blockchain technology and privacy regulation: Reviewing frictions and synthesizing opportunities”, International Journal of Information Management, vol. 76, p. 102753, 2024.
  75. U. Agarwal et al., “Blockchain technology for secure supply chain management: A comprehensive review”, Ieee Access, vol. 10, pp. 85493–85517, 2022.
  76. J. Davis, T. Edgar, J. Porter, J. Bernaden, and M. Sarli, “Smart manufacturing, manufacturing intelligence and demand-dynamic performance”, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 47, pp. 145–156, 2012.
  77. L. Xiao, W. Sun, S. Chang, C. Lu, and R. Jiang, “Research on the Construction of a Blockchain-Based Industrial Product Full Life Cycle Information Traceability System”, Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 4569, 2024.
  78. A.-E. Meafa, A. C. Benabdellah, K. Zekhnini, and S. Bag, “Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts for Operational Excellence: Smart Sourcing Process Model for the Automotive Supply Chain”, Global Business Review, p. 09721509251385209, 2025.
  79. A. M. AlSobeh and A. A. Magableh, “BlockASP: A Framework for AOP-Based Model Checking Blockchain System”, IEEE Access, 2023.
  80. M. J. Beliatis, K. Jensen, L. Ellegaard, A. Aagaard, and M. Presser, “Next generation industrial IoT digitalization for traceability in metal manufacturing industry: A case study of industry 4.0”, Electronics, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 628, 2021.
  81. M. Hader, D. Tchoffa, A. El Mhamedi, P. Ghodous, A. Dolgui, and A. Abouabdellah, “Applying integrated Blockchain and Big Data technologies to improve supply chain traceability and information sharing in the textile sector”, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 28, p. 100345, 2022.
  82. V. Nasir, S. Rahimi, A. Mohammadpanah, E. Hansen, and F. Sassani, “Intelligent Lumber Production (Sawmill 4.0): Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways to Adoption”, Integrated Systems: Data Driven Engineering, pp. 213–231, 2024.
  83. H. Taherdoost, “Smart contracts in blockchain technology: A critical review”, Information, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 117, 2023.
  84. E. Troisi, “Blockchain-based food supply chains: the role of smart contracts| filiera agroalimentare, sostenibilitàe blockchain: il ruolo degli smart contract”, European Journal of Privacy Law & Technologies, 2023.
  85. S. N. Khan, F. Loukil, C. Ghedira-Guegan, E. Benkhelifa, and A. Bani-Hani, “Blockchain smart contracts: Applications, challenges, and future trends”, Peer-to-peer Networking and Applications, vol. 14, pp. 2901–2925, 2021.
  86. N. R. Pradhan and A. P. Singh, “Smart contracts for automated control system in blockchain based smart cities”, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 253–267, 2021.
  87. M. Hasan and B. Starly, “Decentralized cloud manufacturing-as-a-service (CMaaS) platform architecture with configurable digital assets”, Journal of manufacturing systems, vol. 56, pp. 157–174, 2020.
  88. M. D. Turjo, M. M. Khan, M. Kaur, and A. Zaguia, “Smart supply chain management using the blockchain and smart contract”, Scientific programming, vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 6092792, 2021.
  89. T. K. Agrawal, J. Angelis, W. A. Khilji, R. Kalaiarasan, and M. Wiktorsson, “Demonstration of a blockchain-based framework using smart contracts for supply chain collaboration”, International journal of production research, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1497–1516, 2023.
  90. Y. Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Wang, S. Sun, S. Si, and T. Yang, “Real-time information capturing and integration framework of the internet of manufacturing things”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 811–822, 2015.
  91. Z. Wenhua, F. Qamar, T.-A. N. Abdali, R. Hassan, S. T. A. Jafri, and Q. N. Nguyen, “Blockchain technology: security issues, healthcare applications, challenges and future trends”, Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 546, 2023.
  92. I. Mustafa, A. McGibney, and S. Rea, “Smart contract life-cycle management: an engineering framework for the generation of robust and verifiable smart contracts”, Frontiers in Blockchain, vol. 6, p. 1276233, 2024.
  93. O. Peter, A. Pradhan, and C. Mbohwa, “Industrial internet of things (IIoT): opportunities, challenges, and requirements in manufacturing businesses in emerging economies”, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 217, pp. 856–865, 2023.
  94. B. Turner, “The smarts of'smart contracts': Risk management capabilities and applications of self-executing agreements”, ANU Journal of Law and Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 89–117, 2021.
  95. M. O. M. Alhejaili, “Integrating smart contracts into the legal framework of Saudi Arabia”, International Journal of Law and Management, 2024.
  96. O. Bodemer, “Transforming the Insurance Industry with Blockchain and Smart Contracts: Enhancing Efficiency, Transparency, and Trust”, Authorea Preprints, 2023.
  97. H. Rasheed, “Consideration of Cloud-Web-Concepts for Standardization and Interoperability: A Comprehensive Review for Sustainable Enterprise Systems, AI, and IoT Integration”, Journal of Information Technology and Informatics, vol. 3, no. 2, 2024.
  98. B. M. Vaghani, “Integrating Quality at Source into Supplier Management: a Pathway to Cost Efficiency and Regulatory Compliance”, Journal of Current Science and Research ReviewVolume, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 56–68, 2024.
  99. G. Nota, A. Postiglione, and R. Carvello, “Text mining techniques for the management of predictive maintenance”, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 200, pp. 778–792, 2022.
  100. C. Chen, H. Fu, Y. Zheng, F. Tao, and Y. Liu, “The advance of digital twin for predictive maintenance: The role and function of machine learning”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 71, pp. 581–594, 2023.
  101. F. Al-Quayed, Z. Ahmad, and M. Humayun, “A situation based predictive approach for cybersecurity intrusion detection and prevention using machine learning and deep learning algorithms in wireless sensor networks of industry 4.0”, IEEE Access, 2024.
  102. S. Sharanya, “A cyber physical system framework for industrial predictive maintenance using machine learning”, in Real-Time Applications of Machine Learning in Cyber-Physical Systems: IGI Global, pp. 241–269, 2022.
  103. A. T. Keleko, B. Kamsu-Foguem, R. H. Ngouna, and A. Tongne, “Artificial intelligence and real-time predictive maintenance in industry 4.0: a bibliometric analysis”, AI and Ethics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 553–577, 2022.
  104. M. L. R. Rodríguez, S. Kubler, A. de Giorgio, M. Cordy, J. Robert, and Y. Le Traon, “Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning based Predictive Maintenance on parallel machines”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 78, p. 102406, 2022.
  105. A. Theissler, J. Pérez-Velázquez, M. Kettelgerdes, and G. Elger, “Predictive maintenance enabled by machine learning: Use cases and challenges in the automotive industry”, Reliability engineering & system safety, vol. 215, p. 107864, 2021.
  106. M. A. Turino, P. Manco, P. Maresca, and R. Macchiaroli, “Maintenance Data Management: The Potential Effect of Blockchain Technology”, Advances in Science and Technology, vol. 132, pp. 289–296, 2023.
  107. H. Hellani, L. Sliman, A. E. Samhat, and E. Exposito, “On blockchain integration with supply chain: Overview on data transparency”, Logistics, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 46, 2021.
  108. M. A. Khair and A. K. Sandu, “Blockchain-Optimized Supply Chain Traceability System for Transparent Logistics”, Journal of Fareast International University, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 27–38, 2023.
  109. R. Huo et al., “A comprehensive survey on blockchain in industrial internet of things: Motivations, research progresses, and future challenges”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 88–122, 2022.
  110. D. Rupanetti and N. Kaabouch, “Combining Edge Computing-Assisted Internet of Things Security with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities”, Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 16, p. 7104, 2024.
  111. E. E.-D. Hemdan, W. El-Shafai, and A. Sayed, “Integrating digital twins with IoT-based blockchain: concept, architecture, challenges, and future scope”, Wireless personal communications, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 2193–2216, 2023.
  112. A. O. Ajayi-Nifise, T. Falaiye, O. Olubusola, A. I. Daraojimba, and N. Z. Mhlongo, “Blockchain in US accounting: a review: assessing its transformative potential for enhancing transparency and integrity”, Finance & Accounting Research Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 159–182, 2024.
  113. I. S. Arafat, S. Karthiyayini, S. H. Nishath, and R. Karthikeyan, “Machine learning techniques for blockchain technology”, Big Data and Blockchain Technology for Secure IoT Applications, p. 149, 2024.
  114. G. Zhang, Y. Yang, and G. Yang, “Smart supply chain management in Industry 4.0: the review, research agenda and strategies in North America”, Annals of operations research, vol. 322, no. 2, pp. 1075–1117, 2023.
  115. S. Menon and K. Jain, “Blockchain technology for transparency in agri-food supply chain: Use cases, limitations, and future directions”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 71, pp. 106–120, 2021.
  116. J. Jasem, “Cloud-Web Principles-based Blockchain Technology for Sustainable and Secure Enterprise Systems Integrating AI and IoT for Transparency and Traceability”, Journal of Information Technology and Informatics, vol. 3, no. 1, 2024.
  117. Z. Xu et al., “A review: Insight into smart and sustainable ultra-precision machining augmented by intelligent IoT”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 74, pp. 233–251, 2024.
  118. M. Isaja et al., “A blockchain-based framework for trusted quality data sharing towards zero-defect manufacturing”, Computers in Industry, vol. 146, p. 103853, 2023.
  119. S. A. Bhat, N.-F. Huang, I. B. Sofi, and M. Sultan, “Agriculture-food supply chain management based on blockchain and IoT: a narrative on enterprise blockchain interoperability”, Agriculture, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 40, 2021.
  120. B. M. Mohsen, “Developments of digital technologies related to supply chain management”, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 220, pp. 788–795, 2023.
  121. A. Prakash, “Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency”, International Journal for Global Academic & Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 01–11, 2024.
  122. S. Ismail, H. Reza, K. Salameh, H. Kashani Zadeh, and F. Vasefi, “Toward an intelligent blockchain ioT-enabled fish supply chain: A review and conceptual framework”, Sensors, vol. 23, no. 11, p. 5136, 2023.
  123. P. Centobelli, R. Cerchione, P. Del Vecchio, E. Oropallo, and G. Secundo, “Blockchain technology for bridging trust, traceability and transparency in circular supply chain”, Information & Management, vol. 59, no. 7, p. 103508, 2022.
  124. J. Li and M. Kassem, “Applications of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and Blockchain-enabled smart contracts in construction”, Automation in construction, vol. 132, p. 103955, 2021.
  125. P. Bottoni, N. Gessa, G. Massa, R. Pareschi, H. Selim, and E. Arcuri, “Intelligent smart contracts for innovative supply chain management”, Frontiers in Blockchain, vol. 3, p. 535787, 2020.
  126. G. A. Lakshmi, A. Gummadi, and R. Changala, “Block Chain and Machine Learning Models to Evaluate Faults in the Smart Manufacturing System”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 247–255, 2023.
  127. P. Dutta, T.-M. Choi, S. Somani, and R. Butala, “Blockchain technology in supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research opportunities”, Transportation research part e: Logistics and transportation review, vol. 142, p. 102067, 2020.
  128. R. A. Abutaleb, S. S. Alqahtany, and T. A. Syed, “Integrity and privacy-aware, patient-centric health record access control framework using a blockchain”, Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 1028, 2023.
  129. C. C. Escobar, S. Roy, O. P. Kreidl, A. Dutta, and L. Bölöni, “Toward a green blockchain: engineering merkle tree and proof of work for energy optimization”, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 3847–3857, 2022.
  130. P. Xu, J. Lee, J. R. Barth, and R. G. Richey, “Blockchain as supply chain technology: considering transparency and security”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 305–324, 2021.
  131. A. Sasikumar et al., “Blockchain-based trust mechanism for digital twin empowered Industrial Internet of Things”, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 141, pp. 16–27, 2023.
  132. B. Wang, Z. Lin, M. Wang, F. Wang, P. Xiangli, and Z. Li, “Applying blockchain technology to ensure compliance with sustainability standards in the PPE multi-tier supply chain”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 61, no. 14, pp. 4934–4950, 2023.
  133. P. V. S. Praveen, A. Pandey, G. Castellino, R. Sarkar, and A. Ghosh, “Towards Intelligent And Traceable Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Exploration Of Blockchain Integration With Smart Manufacturing And Artificial Intelligence”, International Journal Of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. a635–a645.
  134. Y. Guo, Y. Zhang, Z. Pan, and W. Zhou, “Recent progress of sensing and machine learning technologies for process monitoring and defects detection in wire arc additive manufacturing”, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 125, pp. 489–511, 2024.
  135. A. Jaramillo-Alcazar, J. Govea, and W. Villegas-Ch, “Anomaly Detection in a Smart Industrial Machinery Plant Using IoT and Machine Learning”, Sensors, vol. 23, no. 19, p. 8286, 2023.
  136. M. Imad, C. Hopkins, A. Hosseini, N. Z. Yussefian, and H. Kishawy, “Intelligent machining: a review of trends, achievements and current progress”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 35, no. 4-5, pp. 359–387, 2022.
  137. H. Wu, B. Zhong, H. Li, J. Guo, and Y. Wang, “On-site construction quality inspection using blockchain and smart contracts”, Journal of Management in Engineering, vol. 37, no. 6, p. 04021065, 2021.
  138. H. Wu, B. Zhong, H. Li, H.-L. Chi, and Y. Wang, “On-site safety inspection of tower cranes: A blockchain-enabled conceptual framework”, safety science, vol. 153, p. 105815, 2022.
  139. X. Zhang et al., “Blockchain-based safety management system for the grain supply chain”, Ieee Access, vol. 8, pp. 36398–36410, 2020.
  140. N. Yousef, A. Sata, M. Shukla, S. Jarboui, and D. Mobarsa, “Blockchain-integrated IoT device for advanced inspection of casting defects”, Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 5300, 2025.
  141. S. V. S. Kumar, V. S. Avinash, and S. Gowri, “Tracking of Food Products from Source to consumption, Enhancing Transparency and Food Safety using Blockchain”, in 2024 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) IEEE, pp. 1573–1578, 2024.
  142. C. Pradhan and A. Trehan, “Integration of blockchain technology in secure data engineering workflows”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 01–07, 2025.
  143. T. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, and T. N. Gia, “Exploring the integration of edge computing and blockchain IoT: Principles, architectures, security, and applications”, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, p. 103884, 2024.
  144. Z. Shahbazi and Y.-C. Byun, “Integration of blockchain, IoT and machine learning for multistage quality control and enhancing security in smart manufacturing”, Sensors, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 1467, 2021.
  145. H. Ma et al., “Management control and integration technology of intelligent production line for multi-variety and complex aerospace ring forgings: a review”, Metals, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1079, 2022.
  146. Y. Abdulrahman, E. Arnautović, V. Parezanović, and D. Svetinovic, “AI and blockchain synergy in aerospace engineering: an impact survey on operational efficiency and technological challenges”, IEEE Access, 2023.
  147. S. Ali, W. S. Shin, and H. Song, “Blockchain-enabled open quality system for smart manufacturing: applications and challenges”, Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 18, p. 11677, 2022.
  148. M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. P. Singh, S. Khan, and R. Suman, “Blockchain technology applications for Industry 4.0: A literature-based review”, Blockchain: Research and Applications, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 100027, 2021.
  149. A. Aoun, A. Ilinca, M. Ghandour, and H. Ibrahim, “A review of Industry 4.0 characteristics and challenges, with potential improvements using blockchain technology”, Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 162, p. 107746, 2021.
  150. M. Essaid and H. Ju, “Blockchain solutions for enhancing security and privacy in Industrial IoT”, Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 6835, 2025.
  151. V. Maurya et al., “Blockchain-driven security for IoT networks: State-of-the-art, challenges and future directions”, Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 53, 2025.
  152. K. K. Vaigandla, “An extensive examination on IOT and industrial IOT: Attacks, security, detection methods, blockchain solutions and challenges”, Babylonian Journal of Internet of Things, vol. 2025, pp. 89–100, 2025.
  153. M. K. Siam et al., “Securing decentralized ecosystems: A comprehensive systematic review of blockchain vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures and mitigation strategies”, Future Internet, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 183, 2025.
  154. N. A. Gupta, M. Bansal, S. Sharma, D. Mehrotra, and M. Kakkar, “Detection of vulnerabilities in blockchain smart contracts using deep learning”, Wireless Networks, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 201–217, 2025.
  155. T. Zhukabayeva, L. Zholshiyeva, N. Karabayev, S. Khan, and N. Alnazzawi, “Cybersecurity solutions for industrial internet of things–edge computing integration: Challenges, threats, and future directions”, Sensors, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 213, 2025.
  156. W. Uriawan, A. P. Pratama, and S. Mursyid, “Blockchain technology for optimizing security and privacy in distributed systems”, Computer Science and Information Technologies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 214–224, 2025.
  157. Abdullah, N. Hafeez, M. Shabbir, M. A. Ather, J. L. O. Rodríguez, and G. Sidorov, “Security, Privacy, and Scalability Trade-Offs in Blockchain-Enabled IoT Systems: A Systematic Analytical Review”, Applied Sciences, vol. 16, no. 8, p. 3638, 2026.
  158. P. Kumar, “Next-generation secure authentication and access control architectures: advanced techniques for securing distributed systems in modern enterprises”, International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 4966–4995, 2025.
  159. S. Samant, P. K. Goel, H. Tyagi, and A. Hussain, “Security Fortifying Critical Infrastructure: AI-Based Identity and Access Management (IAM) for Industrial Automation”, in AI-Enhanced Cybersecurity for Industrial Automation: IGI Global Scientific Publishing, pp. 439–470, 2025.
  160. M. A. Hazber et al., “A blockchain-enabled edge computing framework leveraging artificial neural network and aquila optimization to enhance security and scalability of cloud-based IoT platforms”, Cluster Computing, vol. 28, no. 13, p. 816, 2025.
  161. F. Erfan, M. Bellaiche, and T. Halabi, “Sybil attack defense in blockchain-based industrial IoT systems using decentralized federated learning”, Internet of Things, p. 101927, 2026.
  162. S. Ahmed, “Enhancing data security and transparency: The role of blockchain in decentralized systems”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 593258, 2025.
  163. E. A. Shammar, A. T. Zahary, and A. A. Al-Shargabi, “An attribute-based access control model for Internet of Things using hyperledger fabric blockchain”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 6926408, 2022.
  164. F. Briatore and M. Braggio, “Edge, Fog and Cloud Computing framework for flexible production”, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 253, pp. 2206–2218, 2025.
  165. G. Vidyalakshmi, S. Gopikrishnan, W. Boulila, A. Koubaa, and G. Srivastava, “Digital twins and cyber-physical systems: A new frontier in computer modeling”, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, vol. 143, no. 1, p. 51, 2025.
  166. (2026). Predictive Maintenance with IoT Sensors. Available: https://singu.com/predictive-maintenance-iot-sensors-cost-savings/
  167. P. Azevedo, J. Gomes, and M. Romão, “Supply chain traceability using blockchain”, Operations Management Research, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1359–1381, 2023.
  168. N. S. Kumar, S. Brinthakumari, and N. Partheeban, “Navigating the blockchain landscape with a comprehensive survey of smart contracts, ethereum, and consensus mechanisms”, in 2024 4th international conference on data engineering and communication systems (ICDECS) IEEE, pp. 1–6, 2024.
  169. M. M. Khan, F. S. Khan, M. Nadeem, T. H. Khan, S. Haider, and D. Daas, “Scalability and efficiency analysis of hyperledger fabric and private Ethereum in smart contract execution”, Computers, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 132, 2025.
  170. Y. Lu and X. Xu, “Cloud-based manufacturing equipment and big data analytics to enable on-demand manufacturing services”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 57, pp. 92–102, 2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ias-2026-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1554-1029 | Journal ISSN: 1554-1010
Language: English
Page range: 415 - 452
Published on: Sep 21, 2026
Published by: Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Mohsen Soori, Behrooz Arezoo, published by Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.