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The mean count and size of granuloma of animal liver in untreated control group comparison to treated group_
| Groups of animal | Diameter of granuloma (mean±SE) | Reduction of granuloma size % | Granuloma Count (mean±SE) | Reduction of count % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infected control | 345.30±21.18 | ------- | 17.5±4.23 | ------- |
| Positive control | 171.45±35.21 | 50.3 | 6.99±4.89 | 60.1 |
| ZnO NPs | 191.43±23.45 | 44.6 | 8.65±3.46 | 50.6 |
| ZnO NPs + PZQ | 117.19±24.18 | 66.1 | 4.34±4.33 | 75.2 |
Statistical analysis of the effectiveness of ZnO NPs synthesized by Artemisia annua and ZnO NPs plus PZQ with different concentration and incubation times on S_ mansoni (male adult worms)_
| Tested materials | Conc. (μg/ml) | Number of dead adult worms of S. mansoni male after incubation for 48 h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||
| Green zinc oxide NPs | 3.125 | 0 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 2.66 ± 0.47 | 4.0 ± 0.81 |
| 6.25 | 0 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 1.66 ± 0.47 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 12.5 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 1.66 ± 0.47 | 3.0 ± 0.81 | 4.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 25 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 3.33 ± 0.47 | 5.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 50 | 1.33 ± 0.47 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 100 | 1.33 ± 0.47 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Green zinc oxide NPs + PZQ | 12.5+0.4 | 2 ± 0.81 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 5.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 |
| 25+0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.81 | 6.33 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 50+0.2 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 75+0.1 | 3.33 ± 0.47 | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| PZQ | 0.5 μg/ml | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 |
Statistical analysis of the effectiveness of ZnO NPs synthesized by Artemisia annua and ZnO NPs plus PZQ with different concentration and incubation times on S_ mansoni (female adult worms)_
| Tested materials | Conc. (μg/ml) | Number of dead adult worms of S. mansoni female after incubation for 48 h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||
| Green ZnONPs | 3.125 | 0 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 1.0 ± 0.81 | 2.33 ± 0.94 | 3.33 ± 0.94 |
| 6.25 | 0 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 1.33 ± 0.47 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 5.33 ± 0.47 | |
| 12.5 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | 2.0 ± 0.81 | 4.0 ± 0.81 | 4.33 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 25 | 1.0 ± 0.47 | 3.33 ± 0.47 | 5.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 50 | 1.0 ± 0.81 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 100 | 1.33 ± 0.47 | 3.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Green ZnONPs + PZQ | 12.5+0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.81 | 3.33 ± 0.47 | 5.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 |
| 25+0.3 | 3.33 ± 0.47 | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 50+0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.81 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 75+0.1 | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | |
| PZQ | 0.5 μg/ml | 6.66 ± 0.47 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 |