Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Technical specifications of denim fabrics
| Composition | Weave | Mass per unit area (g/m2) | Weft density (picks/cm) | Warp density (picks/cm) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denim fabric sample | 100% CO | 3/1 Z | 340 | 22 | 28 |
Different concentrations of TiO2 and H3BO3 in back-coating pastes
| Code | Fabric specimen | H3BO3 solution* (wt%) | TiO2 solution** (wt%) | PU based binder (wt%) | Thickener solution*** (wt%) | Crosslinker agent (wt%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDF | Untreated cotton denim fabric | - | - | - | - | - |
| B/PU | Cotton denim fabric coated with H3BO3 containing back-coating paste | 7.5 | - | 15 | 2.2 | 3 |
| BT/PU | Cotton denim fabric coated with H3BO3 and TiO2 containing back-coating paste | 7.5 | 5 | 16 | 2.2 | 3 |
Vertical flame results and limited oxygen index (LOI) values
| Sample | Vertical flame test results | Limited oxygen index | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After-flame time (s) | Char length (mm) | LOI (%) | |||
| Time (s) | σ* | Length (mm) | σ* | ||
| UDF | 60 | 2.4 | 200 | 8.5 | 21.3 |
| B/PU | 45 | 3.0 | 75 | 4.1 | 25.1 |
| BT/PU | 30 | 2.3 | 45 | 3.5 | 27.0 |