Factors Affecting the Organizational Commitment of Generation Y Employees in Hanoi, Vietnam

Thi Huong DANG; Minh Tu DUONG; Nguyen Vu Duc Hieu TA; Trung Hieu LE

doi:10.2478/fman-2025-0026

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Factors Affecting the Organizational Commitment of Generation Y Employees in Hanoi, Vietnam

Foundations of Management

Volume 17 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

By: Thi Huong DANG , Minh Tu DUONG , Nguyen Vu Duc Hieu TA and Trung Hieu LE

Open Access

|Apr 2026

Abstract

Generation Y (Gen Y) employees have been currently the key workforce of today’s society. They are considered a competent and experienced employee generation, who contribute significantly to social development. However, the organizational commitment of Gen Y employees is declining, affecting the efficiency of organizations. Based on the analysis results of a survey sample of 242 millennial employees at Hanoi-based businesses, the study examines the influence of six factors, including job satisfaction, working conditions, work–life balance, supervisor support, career development opportunities, and compensation and benefits on the organizational commitment of millennial employees. Research result shows that these factors have significant influences on organization commitment of Gen Y, in which job satisfaction has the greatest impact; compensation and benefits have the smallest impact. Accordingly, the article proposes some implications to improve the organizational commitment of millennial employees in the coming time.

References

Ashraf, M.A., 2020. Demographic factors, compensation, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in private university: an analysis using SEM", Journal of Global Responsibility, No. 4(11), pp.407-436. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-01-2020-0010.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Anitha J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, No. 63(3), pp. 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baba, V.V. and Jamal, M., 1979. On Becker’s Theory of Commitment: An Empirical Verification Among Blue-Collar Workers. Industrial Relations, No. 34(1), pp.123-137.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bai N., Yan, Z. and Othman, R., 2023. The moderating effect of perceived organizational support: The impact of psychological capital and bidirectional work-family nexuses on psychological wellbeing in tourism. Frontiers. Psychology, No. 14:1064632. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1064632.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boon, O.K. and Arumugam, V., 2006. The influence of corporate culture on organizational commitment: Case study of semiconductor organizations in Malaysia. Sunway Academic Journal, No. 3, pp. 99-115.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chiu, R.K.-K., Luk, V.W.-M. and Tang, T.L.-P., 2002. Retaining and motivating employees. Personnel Review, No. 31(4), pp.402-431. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480210430346.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dalkrani, M. and Dimitriadis, E., 2018. The effect of job satisfaction on employee commitment, International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, No. 3(11), pp.16-23.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Deepti, V. and Rani T. S., 2019. A study on impact of employee engagement on effectiveness of the start-up in selected start-ups, International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, No. 6 (1), pp.19-24.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. and Sowa, D., 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, No. 71(3), pp.500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eslami, J. and Gharakhani, D., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction, Journal of Science and Technology, No. 2(2), pp.85-91.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gallie, D., Zhou, Y., Felstead, A. and Green, F., 2012. Teamwork, Skill Development and Employee Welfare. British Journal of Industrial Relations, No. 50(1), pp.23-46. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00787.x.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Glass, A., 2007. Understanding generational differences for competitive success. Industrial and Commercial Training, No. 39(2), pp.98-103.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
http://doi.org/10.1108/00197850710732424.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goh, L., 2021. Why job-hoppers hop. The Sunday Star Online. Pp.24-25. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/02/19/why-jobhoppers-hop, last accessed 2023/8/27.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Guest, D., 1995. Human Resource Management, Trade Unions and Industrial Relations. in Storey, J., (ed.), Human Resource Management. London: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hair, J.F.A., Tatham, R.E. and Black, R.L., 1998. Multivariate Data. 5th ed: Upper Saddle River Prentice - Hall.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haq, M.A.u., Jindong, Y., Hussain, N. and Anjum, Z.u.Z., 2014. Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment Among Bank Officers In Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, No. 16(4), pp.18-24. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16411824.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Islam, Md. A., Teh, W.C. Yusuf, D.H.M. and Desa, H., 2011. A study on ‘Generation Y’ behaviours at workplace in Penang. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, No. 5(11), pp. 1802-1812.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jacobsen, D.I. and Fjeldbraaten, E.M., 2020. Exploring the links between part-time employment and absenteeism: the mediating roles of organizational commitment and work-family conflict. Public Organization Review, No. 20(1), pp.129-143. doi: 10.1007/s11115-018-00437-x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kanter, R.M, 1968. Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American Sociological Review, No. 33(4), pp.499-517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092438.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kumar, M., Jauhari, H., Ladha, R.S. and Shekhar, N., 2018. Gender and organizational climate: a study of two structurally different large organizations of India, Gender in Management: An International Journal, No. 3(33), pp.217-233.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Landsman, M.J., 2008. Pathways to Organizational Commitment. Administration in Social Work, No. 32(2), pp.105-132. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v32n02_07.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Jiang, W., Wen, S. and Hu, Y., 2018. Demographic diversity on boards and employer/employee relationship, Employee Relations, No. 2(40), pp.298-312.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. 1991. A three component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, No. 1(1), pp.61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mohd, I.H., Shah. M.M. and Zailan, N.S., 2016. How Work Environment affects the Employee Engagement in a Telecommunication Company, The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences EpSBS, 3rd International Conference on Business and Economics, pp.21-23. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.11.02.37.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W., 1979. The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, No. 14(2), pp.224-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Muhamad, R., Idrus, M.S. and Mintarti, D.R., 2014. Effect of Compensation on Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance (Studies at Local Revenue Management in Kendari City). International Journal of Business and Management Invention, No. 3(2), pp.64-79.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nabhan, F. and Munajat, M. 2023. The role of work engagement and organizational commitment in improving job performance. Cogent Business & Management, No. 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2235819.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nguyen, N.P., Hieu, N.T.N., Hang, N.T.T. and Vien, H.A., 2020. A study on employee’s engagement with the organization: The case of three star hotels in Da Nang City. Journal of Economics and Development, No. 276(6), pp.93-102.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nguyen, N.T., 2015. Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Economics and Development, No. 212(2), pp.43-51.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nabahani, P.R. and Riyanto, S., 2020. Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation in Enhancing Commitment, Journal of Social Science, No. 1(5), pp.234-240. DOI:10.46799/jsss.v1i5.39.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nassar, M.A., 2017. Human resource management practices and organizational commitment in four-and five-star hotels in Egypt. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, No. 17(2), pp.1-21.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H., 1994. The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, No. 3, pp. 248-292.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parajuli, D. and Shrestha, P., 2021. Human resource management practices and employee commitment in banking. International Journal of Management (IJM), No. 12(1), pp.767-776. http://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.12.1.2021.067.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M.A. and Ainisyifa, H., 2017. Model Conceptual Framework of Corporate Culture Influenced on Employees Commitment to Organization. International Business Management, No. 11 (3), pp.826-830. https://doi.org/10.36478/ibm.2017.826.830.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Saha, R., 2016. Factors influencing organizational commitment– research and lessons, Management Research and Practice, No. 3(8), pp.36-48.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shah, F.T., Idrees, F., Imam, A., Khan, T.A. and Mariyam, A., 2014. Impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment in IT sector employees of Pakistan, Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, No. 8(4), pp.190-197.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shahid, A. and Azhar, S.M., 2013. Gaining employee commitment: Linking to organisational effectiveness. Journal of Management Research, No. 5(1), pp.250-268. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v5i1.2319.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shortland, S., 2018. What seals the deal? How compensation and benefits affect women’s decisions to accept expatriation in the oil and gas industry, Personnel Review, No. 3(47), pp. 765-783.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Suksod, P. and Cruthaka, C., 2020. The Effect of Human Resource Practices on Employee Organizational Commitment: Findings from the Pharmaceutical Industry in Thailand. System Revision Pharmacy, No. 11(3), pp.77-86. https://doi.org/10.5530/srp.2020.3.09.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Suryani, N.N., Gama, I.G. and Perwita, G.B.S., 2019. The effect of organizational compensation and commitment to organizational citizenship behavior in the cooperative and small, middle enterprises department of Bali province, International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, No.1 (10), pp.21210-21218.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tho, N.D. and Trang, N.T.M., 2009. Scientific Research in Business Administration. Statistical Publishing House. Hanoi, Vietnam.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Turkyilmaz, A., Akman, G., Ozkan, C. and Pastuszak, Z., 2011. Empirical study of public sector employee loyalty and satisfaction. Industrial Management & Data Systems, No. 111(5), pp.675-696. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571111137250.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Valaei, N. and Razaei, S., 2016. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: an empirical investigation among ICT-SMEs, Management Research Review, No. 12(39), pp.1663-1694.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vijaya, T.G. and Hemamalini, R., 2012. Impact of work life balance on organizational commitment among bank employees. Journal of Asian Research Consortium, No. 2(2), pp.159-171.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Visanh, P. and Xu, H., 2018. Factors affecting organizational commitment of employees of Lao development bank, Sociology International Journal, No. 6(2), pp.809-818.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yi, L.X, 2014. Factors that Affect Generation Y Workers’ Organizational Commitment. University Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yücel, I., 2012. Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention: an empirical study, International Journal of Business and Management, No. 20(7), pp.44-59.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zain, Z.M., Ishak, R. and Ghani, E.K., 2009. The Influence of Corporate Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Study on a Malaysian Listed Company. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, No. 17, pp.16-26.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2025-0026 | Journal eISSN: 2300-5661 | Journal ISSN: 2080-7279

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 395 - 408

Published on: Apr 3, 2026

Published by: Warsaw University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Organizational Commitment,

Millennial Employees,

Hanoi,

Vietnam

Related subjects:

Computer sciences,

Business computing,

Business and economics,

Business management,

Management accounting, financial controlling, cost calculation, investment

© 2026 Thi Huong DANG, Minh Tu DUONG, Nguyen Vu Duc Hieu TA, Trung Hieu LE, published by Warsaw University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 17 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)