Figure 1.
Demographic characteristic respondents (Source: Own elaboration)
| Demographic characteristics | Amount | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gender: | ||
| •Male | 216 | 55.7% |
| •Female | 172 | 44.3% |
| Age: | ||
| •Under 30 years old | 47 | 12.1% |
| •30 to 35 years old | 108 | 27.8% |
| •36 to 40 years old | 132 | 34.0% |
| •Over 40 years old | 101 | 26.0% |
| Education level: | ||
| •Bachelor | 38 | 9.8% |
| •Continuing master's degree | 52 | 13.4% |
| •Master’s degree | 242 | 62.4% |
| •Continuing doctoral degree | 39 | 10.1% |
| •Doctoral | 17 | 4.4% |
| Total respondents | 388 | 100% |
Overall model fit analysis (Source: Own elaboration)
| - | - | - | Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GHR | <--- | EL | .459 | .035 | 13.114 | *** | par_1 |
| EEB | <--- | EL | .064 | .018 | 3.578 | *** | par_2 |
| EEB | <--- | GHR | 1.033 | .092 | 11.177 | *** | par_3 |
| IEP | <--- | EEB | .948 | .042 | 22.318 | *** | par_24 |
| EL1 | <--- | EL | 1.000 | - | - | - | - |
| EL2 | <--- | EL | 1.080 | .066 | 16.353 | *** | par_4 |
| EL3 | <--- | EL | .965 | .046 | 21.047 | *** | par_5 |
| EL4 | <--- | EL | 1.301 | .061 | 21.188 | *** | par_6 |
| EL5 | <--- | EL | 1.081 | .066 | 16.310 | *** | par_7 |
| EL6 | <--- | EL | 1.024 | .064 | 15.980 | *** | par_8 |
| EL7 | <--- | EL | 1.291 | .062 | 20.918 | *** | par_9 |
| EL8 | <--- | EL | 1.306 | .062 | 20.996 | *** | par_10 |
| EL9 | <--- | EL | .770 | .048 | 15.931 | *** | par_11 |
| EL10 | <--- | EL | .979 | .060 | 16.276 | *** | par_12 |
| HRP1 | <--- | GHR | 1.000 | - | - | - | - |
| HRP2 | <--- | GHR | 1.244 | .086 | 14.537 | *** | par_13 |
| HRP3 | <--- | GHR | .747 | .075 | 10.019 | *** | par_14 |
| HRP4 | <--- | GHR | .612 | .066 | 9.321 | *** | par_15 |
| HRP5 | <--- | GHR | 1.156 | .095 | 12.175 | *** | par_16 |
| EEB6 | <--- | EEB | 1.000 | - | - | - | - |
| EEB5 | <--- | EEB | .874 | .045 | 19.227 | *** | par_17 |
| EEB4 | <--- | EEB | .906 | .050 | 18.025 | *** | par_18 |
| EEB3 | <--- | EEB | .890 | .043 | 20.751 | *** | par_19 |
| EEB2 | <--- | EEB | .859 | .048 | 17.828 | *** | par_20 |
| EEB1 | <--- | EEB | .786 | .048 | 16.377 | *** | par_21 |
| IEP1 | <--- | IEP | 1.000 | - | - | - | - |
| IEP2 | <--- | IEP | 1.030 | .039 | 26.366 | *** | par_22 |
| IEP3 | <--- | IEP | .747 | .053 | 14.003 | *** | par_23 |
Summary up all the validity testing results (Source: Own elaboration)
| Observed variables | Ethical leadership | Green HR practice | Employees ecological behavior | Individual environmental performance | Validity conclusion | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR | P | SLF | CR | P | SLF | CR | P | SLF | CR | P | SLF | - | |
| EL1 | * | 0.000 | .728 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL2 | 16.353 | 0.000 | .787 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL3 | 21.047 | 0.000 | .693 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL4 | 21.188 | 0.000 | .993 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL5 | 16.310 | 0.000 | .786 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL6 | 15.980 | 0.000 | .771 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL7 | 20.918 | 0.000 | .983 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL8 | 20.996 | 0.000 | .987 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL9 | 15.931 | 0.000 | .629 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EL10 | 16.276 | 0.000 | .675 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| HRP1 | - | - | - | * | 0.000 | .761 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| HRP2 | - | - | - | 14.537 | 0.000 | .955 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| HRP3 | - | - | - | 10.019 | 0.000 | .645 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| HRP4 | - | - | - | 9.321 | 0.000 | .583 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| HRP5 | - | - | - | 12.175 | 0.000 | .915 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.377 | 0.000 | .747 | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.828 | 0.000 | .787 | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.751 | 0.000 | .810 | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18.025 | 0.000 | .810 | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.227 | 0.000 | .796 | - | - | - | Valid |
| EEB6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | 0.000 | .874 | - | - | - | Valid |
| IEP1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | 0.000 | .883 | Valid |
| IEP2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 26.366 | 0.000 | .914 | Valid |
| IEP3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.003 | 0.000 | .672 | Valid |
Standardized regression weights (Source: Own elaboration)
| - | - | - | Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| GHR | <--- | EL | .702 |
| EEB | <--- | EL | .088 |
| EEB | <--- | GHR | .923 |
| IEP | <--- | EEB | .948 |
| EL1 | <--- | EL | .728 |
| EL2 | <--- | EL | .787 |
| EL3 | <--- | EL | .693 |
| EL4 | <--- | EL | .993 |
| EL5 | <--- | EL | .786 |
| EL6 | <--- | EL | .771 |
| EL7 | <--- | EL | .983 |
| EL8 | <--- | EL | .987 |
| EL9 | <--- | EL | .629 |
| EL10 | <--- | EL | .675 |
| HRP1 | <--- | GHR | .761 |
| HRP2 | <--- | GHR | .955 |
| HRP3 | <--- | GHR | .645 |
| HRP4 | <--- | GHR | .583 |
| HRP5 | <--- | GHR | .915 |
| EEB6 | <--- | EEB | .874 |
| EEB5 | <--- | EEB | .796 |
| EEB4 | <--- | EEB | .810 |
| EEB3 | <--- | EEB | .810 |
| EEB2 | <--- | EEB | .787 |
| EEB1 | <--- | EEB | .747 |
| IEP1 | <--- | IEP | .883 |
| IEP2 | <--- | IEP | .914 |
| IEP3 | <--- | IEP | .672 |
Hypothesis testing (Source: Own elaboration)
| Hypothesis | Path | Standardized loading | P-value | CR score | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EEB <--- EL | .088 | 0.000 | 3.578 | Significant |
| 2 | GHR <--- EL | .702 | 0.000 | 13.114 | Significant |
| 2 | EEB <--- GHR | .923 | 0.000 | 11.177 | Significant |
| 3 | IEP <--- EEB | .948 | 0.000 | 22.318 | Significant |
Summary of all the reliability testing results (Source: Own elaboration)
| Latent variables | CR score | VE score | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethical leadership (EL) | 0.95 ≥ 0.70 | 0.67 ≥ 0.50 | Reliable |
| Green HR practice (GHR) | 0.89 ≥ 0.70 | 0.62 ≥ 0.50 | Reliable |
| Employees ecological behavior (EEB) | 0.92 ≥ 0.70 | 0.65 ≥ 0.50 | Reliable |
| Individual environmental performance (IEP) | 0.87 ≥ 0.70 | 0.69 ≥ 0.50 | Reliable |