Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
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Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Chemical and bioactive content of almond cultivars_
| Variety | TFC (% FW) | TSPC (% FW) | Moisture (% FW) | TPC (mg GAE·100 g−1 FW) | TFlavC (mg CE·100 g−1 FW) | TAC (mg TE·100 g−1 FW) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Famosa | 45.81 ± 1.00 a* | 14.16 ± 0.79 e | 4.44 ± 0.03 e | 75.16 ± 0.20 h | 49.72 ± 0.06 i | 72.4 ± 0.20 f |
| Fatima | 54.61 ± 0.37 bcd | 8.30 ± 0.12 c | 3.74 ± 0.08 ab | 53.91 ± 0.02 f | 42.07 ± 0.17 h | 54.5 ± 0.60 e |
| Ferragnes | 50.32 ± 1.48 ab | 4.96 ± 0.03 a | 4.23 ± 0.12 cde | 142.09 ± 0.39 k | 85.11 ± 0.35 l | 148.9 ± 1.70 i |
| Ferrastar | 58.48 ± 3.68 cd | 10.90 ± 0.10 d | 3.73 ± 0.01 ab | 84.83 ± 0.17 i | 49.96 ± 0.08 i | 71.5 ± 0.50 f |
| Genco | 61.80 ± 0.01 c | 6.19 ± 0.14 ab | 3.37 ± 0.03 a | 53.84 ± 0.19 f | 35.02 ± 0.15 g | 49.3 ± 0.20 d |
| Gersonskaja | 54.83 ± 0.45 bcd | 11.24 ± 0.50 d | 4.03 ± 0.03 bcde | 22.70 ± 0.09 a | 16.27 ± 0.05 b | 18.7 ± 0.20 a |
| Husle | 45.20 ± 1.84 a | 13.44 ± 0.25 e | 4.41 ± 0.11 de | 53.07 ± 0.47 f | 18.24 ± 0.17 c | 24.6 ± 0.50 b |
| P. amygdalus var. tenera | 50.69 ± 0.04 bc | 8.33 ± 0.18 c | 11.66 ± 0.06 f | 121.16 ± 0.34 j | 80.85 ± 0.83 k | 126.4 ± 0.70 h |
| MN-VA-1 | 53.74 ± 0.90 bc | 8.16 ± 0.21 c | 4.10 ± 0.01 bcde | 84.57 ± 0.14 i | 60.46 ± 0.04 j | 88.8 ± 0.70 g |
| Nikitsky | 56.21 ± 0.25 bcd | 6.41 ± 0.10 ab | 3.95 ± 0.07 bc | 46.85 ± 0.23 e | 25.59 ± 0.04 d | 39.8 ± 0.30 c |
| Sladkoplodá krajová | 58.20 ± 0.72 cd | 5.24 ± 0.01 a | 3.74 ± 0.08 ab | 29.28 ± 0.05 b | 13.05 ± 0.83 a | 23.7 ± 0.60 b |
| Supernova | 51.95 ± 0.64 abc | 10.66 ± 0.02 d | 4.02 ± 0.07 bcd | 55.67 ± 0.07 g | 43.11 ± 0.09 h | 56.8 ± 0.20 e |
| Suzanne | 56.79 ± 0.65 bcd | 6.97 ± 0.13 bc | 3.76 ± 0.01 ab | 39.11 ± 0.05 d | 28.01 ± 0.09 e | 37.1 ± 0.50 c |
| Zora | 50.29 ± 0.20 ab | 11.81 ± 0.25 d | 4.00 ± 0.14 bcd | 37.91 ± 0.06 c | 30.42 ± 0.21 f | 39.8 ± 0.20 c |
The evaluated phaenological and pomological parameters of different almond cultivars_ std_ is not shown when all measured values were identical_
| Varieties | Date of flowering start (±/-days before or after control) | Date of ripening start | Stone weight [g] | Stone shape | Softness of shell | Kernel weight [g] | Shell colour intensity (brown) | Taste | Taste (quality) | Keel | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | Ø | std. | |
| Famosa | –12.00 | 8.83 | 0 | 0 | 3.75 | 0.59 | 3 | 0.58 | 7 | 3.06 | 0.91 | 0.13 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1.15 | 7 | – | 1 | – |
| Fatima | –8.67 | 4.62 | 0 | 0 | 3.31 | 0.32 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2.12 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 4 | 2.12 | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 2 | – |
| Ferragnes | 4.00 | 0.71 | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 1.73 | 3 | 1.26 | 5 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 5 | 0.96 | 3 | 0.5 | 5 | – | 1 | – |
| Ferrastar | 4.00 | 1.00 | 0 | – | 5.81 | 0.76 | 4 | – | 6 | – | 1.58 | 0.12 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | – | 5 | – |
| Genco | –0.20 | 0.45 | 1 | 1.15 | 4.83 | 0.56 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1.28 | 0.55 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 8 | – | 3 | – |
| Gersonskaja | 3.50 | 2.52 | 5 | 1.5 | 8.80 | 3.06 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 0.73 | 3 | 1.73 | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 2 | – |
| Husle | –3.00 | 4.24 | 0 | – | 5.59 | – | 5 | – | 3 | – | 0.88 | – | 5 | – | 3 | 0 | 7 | – | 2 | – |
| P. amygdalus var. tenera | –12.00 | 10.58 | 0 | 0 | 3.48 | 0.06 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 1.41 | 1.61 | 0.14 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 7 | – |
| MN-VA-1 | –12.25 | 4.57 | 0 | 0 | 4.31 | 0.84 | 3 | 0.58 | 3 | 1.53 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 3 | 1.15 | 5 | 1.53 | 7 | – | 9 | – |
| Nikitsky | –6.00 | – | 0 | – | 4.20 | – | 3 | – | 5 | – | 1.06 | – | 4 | – | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 2 | – |
| Sladkoplodá Krajová | –1.75 | 2.87 | 0 | 0 | 3.75 | 0.84 | 3 | 0.58 | 5 | 1.73 | 1.41 | 0.35 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | – | 2 | – |
| Supernova | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 4.71 | 1.26 | 3 | 0.82 | 5 | 2.08 | 1.52 | 0.25 | 3 | 0.5 | 3 | 1.5 | 8 | – | 3 | – |
| Suzanne | –9.50 | 4.04 | 1 | 1.41 | 2.44 | 0.41 | 3 | 0.58 | 9 | 1.15 | 0.95 | 0.42 | 3 | 1.73 | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 5 | – |
| Zora | –17.50 | 6.56 | –8 | 1.41 | 4.04 | 0.72 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2.52 | 1.28 | 0.45 | 5 | 0.58 | 3 | 0 | 8 | – | 2 | – |
Origin of evaluated almond varieties_
| Variety | Origin |
|---|---|
| Famosa | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| Fatima | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| Ferragnes | France; Cristomorto × Aï |
| Ferrastar | France; Cristomorto × Ardechoise |
| Genco | Italy; unknown origin |
| Gersonskaja | Ukraine; unknown origin |
| Husle | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| P. amygdalus var. tenera | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| MN-VA-1 | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| Nikitsky | Ukraine; Nikitskyi 62 × Nikitskyi 1 |
| Sladkoplodá krajová | Czech; seedling selection |
| Supernova | Italy; Tuono bud mutation |
| Suzanne | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |
| Zora | Czech; seedling selection from open pollination |