References
- Adhikari, A., and Bista, S. (2023). A comprehensive strategy for late blight management in potato and tomato. Reviews in Food and Agriculture, 4(2), 50–53, https://doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2023.50.53.
- Al-Dairi, M., Pathare, P. B., and Al-Yahyai, R. (2021). Effect of postharvest transport and storage on color and firmness quality of tomato. Horticulturae, 7(7), 163, https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070163.
- Arafa, R. A., Kamel, S. M., Taher, D. I., Solberg, S. Ø, and Rakha, M. T. (2022). Leaf extracts from resistant wild tomato can be used to control late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in the cultivated tomato. Plants, 11(14), 1824, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11141824.
- Arinaitwe, U., Rideout, S., and Langston, D. (2023). Cultural management of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in greenhouse tomato production (p. 10). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension.
- Ayenan, M. A. T., Danquah, A., Hanson, P., Asante, I. K., and Danquah, E. Y. (2022). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes respond differently to long-term dry and humid heat stress. Horticulturae, 8 (2), 118, https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020118.
- Bahramisharif, A., and Rose, L. E. (2019). Efficacy of biological agents and compost on growth and resistance of tomatoes to late blight. Planta, 249(3), 799–813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3035-2.
- Balliu, A., Zheng, Y., Sallaku, G., Fernández, J. A., Gruda, N. S., and Tuzel, Y. (2021). Environmental and cultivation factors affect the morphology, architecture and performance of root systems in soilless grown plants. Horticulturae, 7(8), 243, https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080243.
- Barker, J. C. (1990). Effects of day and night humidity on yield and fruit quality of glasshouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 65(3), 323–331, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1990.11516061.
- Brdar, S., Panic, M., Hogeveen-Van Echtelt, E., Mensink, M., Grbović, Ž, Woltering, E., and Chauhan, A. (2021). Predicting sensitivity of recently harvested tomatoes and tomato sepals to future fungal infections. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 23109, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02302-2.
- Cao, M., Guo, J. N., Gao, D. T., Sun, X. W., and Wei, Z. F. (2016). Research progress in the effects of rain-shelter microenvironment on grape berry quality. Henan Agricultural Science, 45(1), 15–19, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-4229.2016.05.020.
- Chen, X. M., Zhang, Q., Zeng, S. M., Chen, Y., Guo, Y. Y., and Huang, X. Z. (2020). Rain-shelter cultivation affects fruit quality of pear, and the chemical properties and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 100(6), 683–691, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0249.
- Cherono, K., and Workneh, T. S. (2018). A review of the role of transportation on the quality changes of fresh tomatoes and their management in South Africa and other emerging markets. International Food Research Journal, 25(6), 2211–2228, http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/25%20(06)%202018/(1).pdf.
- Choga, T., Ngadze, E., Rugare, J. T., Mabasa, S., Makaza, W., Gwatidzo, V. O., Chikuta, S., and Karubanga, G. (2021). Effect of botanical extracts on late blight (Phytopthora infestans) and productivity of tomato (Solanum esculentum). International Journal of Agronomy, 2021(1), 8858818, https://doi. org/10.1155/2021/8858818.
- Claire, D., Watters, N., Gendron, L., Boily, C., Pépin, S., and Caron, J. (2018). High productivity of soilless strawberry cultivation under rain shelters. Scientia Horticulturae, 232, 127–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.056.
- Clément, A., Dorais, M., and Vernon, M. (2008). Multivariate approach to the measurement of tomato maturity and gustatory attributes and their rapid assessment by Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(5), 1538–1544, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072182n.
- Collins, E.J., Bowyer, C., Tsouza, A., And Chopra, M. (2022). Tomatoes: an extensive review of the associated health impacts of tomatoes and factors that can affect their cultivation. Biology (Basel), 11(2), 239, https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020239.
- Considine, J. A., and Kriedemann, P. E. (1972). Fruit splitting in grapes: determination of the critical turgor pressure. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 23(1), 17–23, https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9720017.
- De Palma, L., Limosani, P., Pati, S., Vox, G., Scettini, E., and Novello, V. (2019). Vineyard protection with rain-shelter: relationships between radiometric properties of plastic covers and table grape quality. BIO Web of Conferences, 13, 04007, https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191304007.
- Dema, R., and Yangchen, U. (2021). Effect of different roofing materials on growth and yield of tomato. Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources and Development, 8(1), 18–23, https://doi.org/10.17102/bjnrd.v8i1.60.
- Du, F., Deng, W., Yang, M., Wang, H., Mao, R., Shao, J., Fan, J., Chen, Y., Fu, Y., Li, C., He, X., Zhu, Y., and Zhu, S. (2015). Protecting grapevines from rainfall in rainy conditions reduces disease severity and enhances profitability. Crop Protection, 67, 261–268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.10.024.
- Fao. (2023). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved November 10, 2025, from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.
- Fuentes, R. R., De Ridder, D., Van Dijk, A. D., and Peters, S. A. (2022). Domestication shapes recombination patterns in tomato. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39(1), msab287, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab287.
- Gan, J., Mao, L., and Jiang, S. (2021). Effects of rain-sheltered cultivation on microenvironment disease, yield and quality of tomato in mountainous areas. Southern Horticulture, 32(5), 24–30, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-5868.2021.05.006.
- Getahun, D., Habtie, B., Getaneh, M., and Bikis, D. (2022). Performance of tomato varieties under different growing conditions at Fogera and its surroundings. In: Tadesse, T., Tekalign, A., Desta, T., and Merga, F. (eds.), Results of crop improvement and management research for 2022 (pp. 208–219). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research.
- He, G., Zhao, X., and Yu, M. (2021). Exploring the multiple disturbances of karst landscape in Guilin World Heritage Site, China. Catena, 203, 105349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105349.
- He, T., Moukarzel, R., Fu, M., Yang, M., Du, R., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Wu, J., Deng, W., Zhu, Y., Yang, M., Zhu, S., and Du, F. (2025). Rain-shelter cultivation promotes grapevine health by altering phyllosphere microecology in rainy areas. Environmental Microbiome, 20(1), 56, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793- 025-00462-2.
- Herman, A. B., Spicer, R. A., Aleksandrova, G. N., Yang, J., Kodrul, T. M., Maslova, N. P., Spicer, T. E., Chen, G., and Jin, J. H. (2017). Eocene–early Oligocene climate and vegetation change in Southern China: evidence from the Maoming Basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 479, 126–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.04.015.
- Huang, L., Mo, Z., Xie, S., Liu, L., Chen, J., Kang, C., and Wang, S. (2021). Spatiotemporal characteristics of GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor during heavy rainfall events in Guilin, China. Satellite Navigation, 2(1), 13, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020- 021-00041-3.
- Jat, R., Singh, V. P., and Kumar, V. (2020). Greenhouse cultivation of fruit crops with special reference to India: an overview. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(2), 252–260, https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i2.2266.
- Li, B., Shukla, M. K., and Du, T. (2021). Combined environmental stresses induced by drip irrigation positively affect most solar greenhouse grown tomato fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 288, 110334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110334.
- Li, L., and Zha, Y. (2018). Mapping relative humidity, average and extreme temperature in hot summer over China. The Science of the Total Environment, 615, 875–881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2017.10.022.
- Li, X., Zhou, W., and Chen, Y. D. (2016). Detecting the origins of moisture over southeast China: seasonal variation and heavy rainfall. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 33(3), 319–329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-4197-5.
- Li, X. Q., Li, W. J., Li, B., and Jia, Z. Q. (2025). Research progress on factors influencing fruit cracking and regulatory strategies. Northern Horticulture, 2025(13), 140–147, https://doi.org/10.11937/bfyy.20250121.
- Liu, Y. T., Feng, Y., Wang, E. J., Zhang, H., Wang, J. Z., Yang, X. D., and Huang, Z. N. (2022). Research progress on the effects of environmental factors on soluble solids content in tomato. Journal of Changjiang Vegetables, 6, 35–38, https://doi.org/10.3865/j.issn.1001-3547.2022.06.011.
- Marefatzadeh-Khameneh, M., Fabriki-Ourang, S., Sorkhilalehloo, B., Abbasi-Kohpalekani, J., and Ahmadi, J. (2021). Genetic diversity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germplasm using fruit variation implemented by tomato analyzer software based on high throughput phenotyping. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 68(6), 2611–2625, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01170-z.
- Nakayama, M., Fujita, S. I., Watanabe, Y., Ando, T., Isozaki, M., and Iwasaki, Y. (2021). The effect of greenhouse cultivation under a heat insulation film covering on tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality in a subtropical area. The Horticulture Journal, 90(3), 304–313, https://doi.org/10.2503/hj. HJ-20-038.
- Pathak, B., and Kakati, M. (2025). Enhancing tomato productivity in Assam, India: a comparative study of rain shelter and traditional cultivation methods. Clinical Case Reports and Studies, 10(6), 1–6, https://doi.org/10.59657/2837-2565.brs.25.279.
- Pathare, P. B., Dairi, M. A., and Al-Mahdouri, A. (2021). Effect of storage conditions on postharvest quality of tomatoes: a case study at market-level. Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 26(1), 13–20, https://doi.org/10.53539/jams.v26i1.124.
- Rasheed, A., Ilyas, M., Khan, T. N., Mahmood, A., Riaz, U., Chattha, M. B., Al Kashgry, N. A., Binothman, N., Wu, Z., Hassan, M. U., and Qari, S. H. (2023). Study of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield-related traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon MILL.). Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 1030309, https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1030309.
- Shao, G. C., Wang, M. H., Liu, N., Yuan, M., Kumar, P., and She, D. L. (2014). Growth and comprehensive quality index of tomato under rain shelters in response to different irrigation and drainage treatments. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(1), 457937, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/457937.
- Singh, R., Shekhawat, N., Angami, T., Touthang, L., and Kalita, H. (2025). Impact of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) on tomato yield and its environmental correlation. Indian Phytopathology, 78, 365–371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-025-00641-y.
- Tang, L., Wang, H. E., Li, X. L., and Li, Y. J. (2012). Impact of sheltered cultivation on the microenvironment of tomato growth and the occurrence of blights and insect pests. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(6), 5, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2012.06.013.
- Tian, T., Qiao, G., Deng, B., Wen, Z., Hong, Y., and Wen, X. (2019). The effects of rain shelter coverings on the vegetative growth and fruit characteristics of Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.). Scientia Horticulturae, 254, 228–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.074.
- Vives-Peris, V., De Ollas, C., Gómez-Cadenas, A., and Pérez-Clemente, R. M. (2020). Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond. Plant Cell Reports, 39(1), 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299- 019-02472-4.
- Xie, X. C., Yang, Y. C., Tian, Y., Liao, L. P., Wei, J. P., Zhou, J. Y., and Chen, L. H. (2019). Multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity in Guangxi. Advances in Earth Science, 34(11), 1152–1164, https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.11.1152.
- Xu, W. T., Bai, T. H., Gao, Y. Y., Wang, S. B., Wu, H. X., Yao, Q. S., Zhan, R. L., Ma, X. W., and Zhou, Y. G. (2013). Effects of rain shelter cultivation on quality and disease incidence of mango fruit. Journal of Fruit Science, 30(4), 634–638, https://doi.org/10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2013.04.028.
- Yin, J., Niu, L., Li, Y., Song, X., Ottosen, C. O., Wu, Z., Jiang, F., and Zhou, R. (2023). The effects of waterlogging stress on plant morphology, leaf physiology and fruit yield in six tomato genotypes at anthesis stage. Vegetable Research, 3(1), 31, https://doi.org/10.48130/VR-2023-0031.
- Zhang, C., Huang, X., Fei, J., Luo, X., and Zhou, Y. (2021). Spatiotemporal characteristics and associated synoptic patterns of extremely persistent heavy rainfall in Southern China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126(1), e2020JD033253, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033253.
- Zhang, Q. J. (2025). Research advance in fruit quality of sweet cherry. Journal of Fruit Science, 42(10), 2430–2439, https://doi.org/10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250210.
- Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Huang, Q., and Qiu, R. (2022). Characteristics of plastic greenhouse high-temperature and high-humidity events and their impacts on facility tomatoes growth. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, 848924, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.848924.
- Zhong, S., Wei, Z., Zhang, L., Li, Y., and Du, J. (2018). The climatic characteristics and formation mechanism of acid rain in Guilin, China. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 186(3), 012029, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/186/3/012029.
- Zhou, N., Zhang, X., Li, H., Xu, H., Li, Z., and He, Y. (2019). Refined characteristics of rainfall in Guangxi area for mountain flood based on hourly precipitation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 304(2), 022082, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/304/2/022082.
- Zhu, C. F., Dong, C. P., Li, H., Huang, D. X., and Liu, F. (2014). The effects of rain-shelter cultivation on tomato yield and quality. South China Agriculture, 8 (12), 10–11,13, https://doi.org/10.19415/j.cnki.1673- 890x.2014.12.006.