Quantification of curcumin and molecular analysis of curcumin synthase genes in Curcuma alismatifolia genotypes Cover

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Quantification of curcumin and molecular analysis of curcumin synthase genes in Curcuma alismatifolia genotypes

Folia Horticulturae

By: Can Tao , Weiwei Huang , Qi Jiang , Luanmei Lu , Lingjun Ke and Huiwen Yu

Open Access

|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Curcumin sample standard curve.

Curcumin content in different C. alismatifolia genotypes. Note: (A) Curcumin content in corms of different C. alismatifolia genotypes, (B) Curcumin content in inflorescences of different C. alismatifolia genotypes and (C) Curcumin content in leaves of different C. alismatifolia genotypes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups (p < 0.05). ANB, Cherry Anna Princess (white); BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; DC, Solo; DD, Doitung; FJR, Jasmine Pink; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate; QMF, Chiang Mai Pink; XDC, NewSolo; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; YJX, YuKi; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet.

RT-qPCR of CURS1, CURS2 and CURS3 in C. alismatifolia. Note: (A) RT-qPCR of CURS1 in C. alismatifolia, (B) RT-qPCR of CURS2 in C. alismatifolia and (C) RT-qPCR of CURS3 in C. alismatifolia. Comparisons were made within each genotype across tissues. *, **, *** and **** represent p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001. ANB, Cherry Anna Princess (white); BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; CURS1, curcumin synthase 1; CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3; DC, Solo; DD, Doitung; FJR, Jasmine Pink; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate; QMF, Chiang Mai Pink; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; XDC, NewSolo; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; YJX, YuKi; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet.

Sequence alignment of the CURS2 gene. BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; DC, Solo; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet.

Sequence alignment of the CURS3 gene. BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3; DC, Solo; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate.; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet.

Protein 3D structure prediction and alignment.
Note: (A) CURS2 protein and (B) CURS3 protein. CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3. — Protein 3D structure prediction and alignment. Note: (A) CURS2 protein and (B) CURS3 protein. CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3.

Phylogenetic trees of CURS2 and CURS3 genes.
Note: (A) Phylogenetic trees of CURS2 and (B) Phylogenetic trees of CURS3. BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3; DC, Solo; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet. — Phylogenetic trees of CURS2 and CURS3 genes. Note: (A) Phylogenetic trees of CURS2 and (B) Phylogenetic trees of CURS3. BXGZ, Snow White; BYGZ, Silver Princess; CURS2, curcumin synthase 2; CURS3, curcumin synthase 3; DC, Solo; HD, Butterfly; LNX, Lanna Snow; LSQKL, Green Chocolate; XF, Twister; XJR, Giant; ZJL, X3; ZX, Siam TM Scarlet.

RT-qPCR primer sequences_

Primer	Forward primer 5′-3′	Reverse primer 5′-3′
CURS1	ACCTGCACTTGACCGAGGAGAT	CGATGCCGCTGATGGAACAGAA
CURS2	CAGGACATCGTGGTGGAGGAGA	ACTGTAGAGCATCAGGCGGTTG
CURS3	GGTACTTGCACTTGACGGAGGA	ATGAGGCGGTTGACGGACAG

The physicochemical properties of CURS proteins in C_ alismatifolia_

Protein	Amino acid in length/aa	Molecular weight/Da	Isoelectric point	Hydrophobicity coefficient	Instability index	Fat coefficient	Molecular formula
CURS2	390	43069.470	6.110	–0.103	46.350	89.360	C₁₉₂₂ H₃₀₂₈ N₅₂₈ O₅₆₀ S₁₈
CURS3	390	43100.400	5.920	–0.155	38.210	85.590	C₁₉₂₂ H₃₀₁₇ N₅₃₁ O₅₆₀ S₁₈

Polymerase chain reaction primer sequences_

Primer	Forward primer 5′-3′	Reverse primer 5′-3′
CURS2	ATGGCGATCAGCTTGCAGGCGAT	CTAAAGCGGCACGCTTTGGAGC
CURS3	ATGGGCAGCCTGCAGGCGATGC	CTACGGTATTGGTACACTGCGT

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2025-0021 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jun 20, 2025

Accepted on: Sep 18, 2025

Published on: Nov 11, 2025

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

content measurement,

expression analysis,

secondary metabolites,

sequence analysis

Related subjects:

Life sciences, other

© 2025 Can Tao, Weiwei Huang, Qi Jiang, Luanmei Lu, Lingjun Ke, Huiwen Yu, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.