The effect of different mulch materials with varying thicknesses on weed control and yield in eggplant cultivation

Weeds are a significant problem in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation, causing high yield losses and negatively affecting plant growth. This study aimed to assess the effects of different mulching materials and thicknesses on weed control and plant yield in eggplant cultivation. Three mulching materials [wheat straw (WS), grass clippings (CTG) and shredded paper (CP)] were applied at three thicknesses (5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm). Parameters, such as weed density, dry weight and eggplant yield, were assessed during and after eggplant cultivation. Mulching was effective in reducing weed density and dry weight, with 15 cm CTG being the most effective. The most effective weed control was achieved using the CTG-15 mulching material. While Sorghum halepense L. maintained high densities even <15 cm thick mulches, Xanthium strumarium L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and other species were effectively controlled with mulch thicknesses of ≥5 cm. Additionally, significant increases in eggplant yield were observed with mulching applications. The application of CTG resulted in the highest yield (15 cm: 83.20 t · ha⁻¹) of all mulch types, with an average yield that was 75% higher than the control plot. A negative relationship was found between weed density and dry weight and eggplant yield. These findings emphasise the practical value of selecting the right mulch material and thickness to enhance yield and suppress weeds effectively.